Improving the efficiency of Solar energy systems by sustainable novel methods

通过可持续的新方法提高太阳能系统的效率

• 批准号: 2765686
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2765686
• 关键词: Improving; efficiency; Solar; energy; systems

In recent years, solar deployment has skyrocketed for several reasons: increased energy requirements, greater availability of incentives, lower costs, improved technology, more investment, ambitious climate targets. Combined with the high availability of solar energy, solar farms have grown larger and more widespread. The conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) are the most deployed methods. However, there are few shortcomings that face this industry: the relatively low energy conversion and high efficiency degradation with temperature rise. For commercial PV panels only 11-17% of incident solar radiation is converted into electricity while the remaining is converted to heat, with the efficiency decreasing further by 0.45% for every 1degree C increase in temperature.Therefore, if the PV panels can be cooled the electrical efficiency will increase. Furthermore, if the heat extracted from the PV panels can be used by another process (space heating, water heating, desalination etc) then the heat produced by the sun can also be harnessed increasing the overall efficiency of the solar energy system. Moreover, if the power demand of the system that extracts the thermal energy can be reduced the overall system efficiency is further increased. In addition, the extraction of thermal energy should be carefully controlled so there is a balance between the electrical energy and thermal energy extracted from the system to ensure the maximum overall efficiency is achieved. For example increasing fan speed will increase the electrical power demand reducing the electrical efficiency but will result in more thermal energy extracted increasing the thermal energy efficiency.

近年来，太阳能的部署激增，原因有几个：能源需求增加，激励措施更多，成本降低，技术改进，投资增加，雄心勃勃的气候目标。再加上太阳能的高可用性，太阳能发电场变得越来越大，越来越普遍。将阳光转化为电能，无论是直接使用光伏（PV），还是间接使用聚光太阳能（CSP），都是最常用的方法。然而，该行业面临的缺点很少：相对较低的能量转换和随着温度升高的高效率退化。对于商用光伏板来说，只有11-17%的入射太阳辐射转化为电能，其余的转化为热能，温度每升高1摄氏度，效率会进一步降低0.45%。因此，如果光伏板能够被冷却，那么电效率将会提高。此外，如果从PV板提取的热量可以用于另一个过程（空间加热，水加热，脱盐等），那么太阳产生的热量也可以被利用，从而提高太阳能系统的整体效率。此外，如果能够降低提取热能的系统的功率需求，则进一步提高了整个系统的效率。此外，应仔细控制热能的提取，以便在从系统提取的电能和热能之间存在平衡，以确保实现最大的总效率。例如，增加风扇速度将增加电力需求，降低电效率，但是将导致提取更多的热能，增加热能效率。