Improving the efficiency of Solar energy systems by sustainable novel methods

近年来，太阳能部署的飞速发展有几个原因：能源需求的增加、激励措施的增加、成本的降低、技术的改进、投资的增加、雄心勃勃的气候目标。加上太阳能的高可用性，太阳能农场变得越来越大，越来越广泛。将阳光转化为电能，无论是直接使用光伏（PV），还是间接使用聚光太阳能（CSP），都是最常用的方法。然而，该行业面临的缺点很少：能量转换相对较低，效率随温度升高而高退化。对于商用光伏电池板，只有11-17%的入射太阳辐射转化为电能，其余的转化为热量，温度每升高1摄氏度，效率进一步下降0.45%。因此，如果光伏板可以冷却，电效率将会提高。此外，如果从光伏板中提取的热量可以用于其他过程（空间加热，水加热，海水淡化等），那么太阳产生的热量也可以被利用，从而提高太阳能系统的整体效率。此外，如果可以降低提取热能的系统的电力需求，则进一步提高了系统的整体效率。此外，应仔细控制热能的提取，以便在从系统中提取的电能和热能之间取得平衡，以确保实现最大的整体效率。例如，增加风扇转速将增加电力需求，降低电力效率，但将导致更多的热能提取，提高热能效率。

In recent years, solar deployment has skyrocketed for several reasons: increased energy requirements, greater availability of incentives, lower costs, improved technology, more investment, ambitious climate targets. Combined with the high availability of solar energy, solar farms have grown larger and more widespread. The conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) are the most deployed methods. However, there are few shortcomings that face this industry: the relatively low energy conversion and high efficiency degradation with temperature rise. For commercial PV panels only 11-17% of incident solar radiation is converted into electricity while the remaining is converted to heat, with the efficiency decreasing further by 0.45% for every 1degree C increase in temperature.Therefore, if the PV panels can be cooled the electrical efficiency will increase. Furthermore, if the heat extracted from the PV panels can be used by another process (space heating, water heating, desalination etc) then the heat produced by the sun can also be harnessed increasing the overall efficiency of the solar energy system. Moreover, if the power demand of the system that extracts the thermal energy can be reduced the overall system efficiency is further increased. In addition, the extraction of thermal energy should be carefully controlled so there is a balance between the electrical energy and thermal energy extracted from the system to ensure the maximum overall efficiency is achieved. For example increasing fan speed will increase the electrical power demand reducing the electrical efficiency but will result in more thermal energy extracted increasing the thermal energy efficiency.