TWO-PROCESS RECOGNITION MEMORY: INHIBITION & ROC CURVES

先前的研究表明，识别判断至少涉及两个过程：一个快速的基于相似性的过程和一个较慢的类似回忆的过程。然而，很少有研究探讨回忆过程的具体操作。许多研究人员提出，回忆过程是以“从回忆到拒绝”的方式运作的。在回忆-拒绝过程中，一个与研究刺激相似的测试箔被拒绝（即称为“新”），因为被研究的刺激被回忆起来，并且与相似的箔不匹配被注意到。对于各种各样的联想识别任务，比如识别两个单词是否一起被研究过，或者一个测试单词是否在一个特定的刺激列表上被研究过，有证据表明使用了这种“回忆-拒绝”过程。然而，项目识别任务没有发现对使用召回-拒绝处理的支持。相反，来自项目识别任务的数据与回忆-接受过程一致，在这个过程中，必须检索与测试探针匹配的记忆跟踪，以便生成积极的（“旧的”）响应。本研究将为项目和联想识别中基于回忆的过程的运作提供更直接的证据。新的研究将：1)利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线寻求关于回忆过程性质的收敛和独特的证据；2)利用联合识别理论估计潜在加工的贡献；3)证明回忆过程的结果，即对与被研究的测试项目相似的被研究项目的抑制。两项初步研究为识别任务中的这种抑制现象提供了证据，拟议的抑制实验将a)评估这种抑制在处理时间中的发展；B)确定抑制程度作为研究项目的相似性和数量的函数；c)探索抑制的存在或缺失与回忆过程的具体操作（即回忆-拒绝或回忆-接受）之间的关系。

Prior research suggests that at least two processes are involved in recognition judgments: A fast similarity-based process and a slower recall-like process. However, very little research has explored the specific operation of the recall process. Many researchers have proposed that the recall process operates in a recall-to-reject fashion. In a recall-to-reject process, a test foil that is similar to a studied stimulus is rejected (i.e., called "new") because the studied stimulus is recalled and the mismatch with the similar foil is noticed. For a variety of associative recognition tasks, such as recognizing whether two words were studied together or whether a test word was studied on a particular stimulus list, there is evidence for the use of such a recall-to-reject process. However, item recognition tasks have found no support for the use of recall-to-reject processing. Instead, the data from item recognition tasks are consistent with a recall-to-accept process in which a memory trace that matches the test probe must be retrieved in order for a positive ("old") response to be generated. The proposed research will provide more direct evidence on the operation of the recall-based process in item and associative recognition. New research will: 1) seek converging and unique evidence on the nature of the recall process using receiver- operating characteristic (ROC) curves, 2) estimate the contribution of the underlying processing using conjoint recognition theory, and 3) demonstrate a consequence of the recall process, namely, the inhibition of studied items that are similar to a studied test item. Two pilot studies provide evidence for this inhibitory phenomenon in a recognition task, and the proposed inhibition experiments will a) evaluate the development of that inhibition over processing time; b) determine the extent of the inhibition as a function of the similarity and number of studied items; and c) explore the relationship between the presence or absence of inhibition and the specific operation of the recall process (i.e., recall-to-reject or recall-to- accept).