Two-process recognition memory: Evidence from ROC curves

两进程识别记忆：来自 ROC 曲线的证据

• 批准号: 7264342
• 负责人: Caren M. Rotello
• 金额: $ 22.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-06-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7264342
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Adult; Aging; Amnesia; Basic Science; Brain Injuries; Characteristics; Cognitive; Data; Detection; Diffusion; Elderly; Evaluation; Face; Familiarity; Judgment; Lead; Light; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Numbers; Outcome; Output; Personal Satisfaction; Procedures; Process; Prosopagnosia; Reaction Time; Receiver Operating Characteristics; Reporting; Research; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Specific qualifier value; Stimulus; Stretching; Structure; System; Testing; Work; age effect; base; memory recognition; programs; research study; response; statistics; tool; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One-process models of recognition memory assume that judgments are based on the familiarity of the test probe. Two-process models assume that the familiarity-based process may be supplemented by the output of a recollective process. One type of evidence for two-process models has come from subjective reports of whether a particular test item is recognized on the basis of recollection or familiarity, using a remember-know (R-K) procedure (Tulving, 1985). Quantitative modeling has been applied to R-K judgments only recently, and a number of candidate models have emerged. Like models of recognition, models of R-K come in one- and two-process forms. The one-dimensional signal detection (SDT) explanation of R-K judgments was first proposed by Donaldson (1996) but has been extended by Wixted and Stretch (2004). We proposed a two-dimensional SDT model known as STREAK (Rotello, Macmillan, & Reeder, 2004). Other two-process models have been suggested by Reder et al. (2000), Yonelinas (2002), and Murdock (in press). We focus on distinguishing these alternative models, using ROC curves and analysis of RT distributions as the primary methodological tools. Aims 1 and 3 evaluate the source of the variability assumed in SDT models. In recognition tasks, variability arises from differences among the stimuli, and models typically treat all kinds of variability alike. That this is an obvious oversimplification in the R-K paradigm: surely some items are more likely to lead to R responses than others. We address this issue by varying stimulus characteristics in our typical word-recognition experiments (Aim 1), and by studying memory for faces (Aim 3). Aim 2 takes a different approach to model evaluation, focusing on the RT distributions for "old" responses that are followed by R or K judgments. The statistics of these distributions are informative about whether the same process(es) underlie the judgments. We take advantage of this fact to test models of R-K decisions. This is clearly a basic research program. However, understanding the mechanisms by which recognition judgments are made in healthy adults is critical to understanding the problems that can develop after brain injury or in later life. This research will have implications for amnesia, aging effects such as cognitive slowing, and prosopagnosia (the inability to recognize faces); it is also relevant for eyewitness memory.

描述（由申请人提供）：识别记忆的单过程模型假设判断是基于对测试探针的熟悉度。双过程模型假设，以熟悉为基础的过程可能是补充的回忆过程的输出。双加工模型的一种证据来自主观报告，即使用记住-知道（R-K）程序（Tulving，1985），是否基于回忆或熟悉来识别特定的测试项目。定量模型最近才被应用于R-K判断，并且出现了许多候选模型。与认知模型一样，R-K模型也有单过程和双过程两种形式。R-K判断的一维信号检测（SDT）解释首先由唐纳森（1996）提出，但已由Wixted和Stretch（2004）扩展。我们提出了一个二维SDT模型，称为STREAK（Rotello，Macmillan，&里德，2004）。Reder et al.（2000）、Yonelinas（2002）和默多克（出版中）提出了其他双过程模型。我们专注于区分这些替代模型，使用ROC曲线和RT分布分析作为主要的方法工具。目的1和3评价SDT模型中假设的变异性来源。在识别任务中，可变性来自刺激之间的差异，模型通常会以同样的方式处理所有类型的可变性。在R-K范式中，这是一个明显的过度简化：肯定有些项目比其他项目更有可能导致R反应。我们解决这个问题，通过不同的刺激特征，在我们的典型的单词识别实验（目标1），并通过研究记忆的面孔（目标3）。目标2采用不同的方法进行模型评估，重点关注R或K判断之后的“旧”响应的RT分布。这些分布的统计数据提供了关于判断是否基于相同过程的信息。我们利用这一事实来测试R-K决策模型。这显然是一个基础研究项目。然而，了解健康成年人做出识别判断的机制对于理解脑损伤后或以后生活中可能出现的问题至关重要。这项研究将对健忘症、认知减缓等衰老效应和面孔失认症（无法识别面孔）产生影响;它也与目击者记忆有关。