Two-process recognition memory: Evidence from ROC curve

描述（由申请人提供）：识别记忆的单过程模型假设判断是基于对测试探针的熟悉程度；双过程模型假设基于熟悉的过程有时由回忆过程的输出补充。各种方法，包括接受者工作特征（ROC）曲线的评估，已经被用来为双过程观点提供证据（例如，Rotello, Macmillan, and Van Tassel, 2000）。其他研究人员选择了一条可能更直接的途径来研究认知背后的两个过程，即使用“记住”和“知道”的主观判断来衡量回忆和熟悉程度（Tulving, 1985）。Yonelinas（2001）认为，这些“R-K”判断产生的过程估计与从ROC数据中获得的估计相同。我们提出了一个新的R-K判断的二维SDT模型（Rotello, Macmillan, and Reeder，重新提交）。在我们的模型中，旧项目与新项目在全局和特定记忆强度方面都有所不同。整体强度可以被认为是传统的“熟悉度”，而特定强度可以被认为是基于特定细节的连续回忆过程或熟悉度。新旧判断是基于这些维度的加权和，而R-K决策是基于加权差。我们的模型准确地描述了现有的识别和remember - know数据，并对几种新的roc（即仅基于“remember”或“know”响应的roc）做出了新颖的预测。这些ROC曲线将我们的模型与应用于R-K数据的现有单过程和双过程模型区分开来。重要的是，二维模型假设记住和知道判断不是“过程纯粹的”；它们不直接衡量回忆或熟悉程度。我们将采用双管齐下的方法来探索我们的模型，包括(1)二维模型的经验评估和(2)模型在其他实验情况下的理论推广。提出的实证工作包括制作各种ROC曲线，以及将这些曲线的形状和程度与理论生成的曲线进行比较。理论工作将概括R-K判断的二维模型，以解释识别中的其他发现，如线性ROC函数和识别的时间过程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One-process models of recognition memory assume that judgments are based on the familiarity of the test probe; two-process models assume that the familiarity-based process is sometimes supplemented by the output of a recollective process. A variety of methods, including evaluation of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, have been used to provide evidence for the two-process view (e.g., Rotello, Macmillan, and Van Tassel, 2000). Other researchers have chosen a potentially more direct route to the two processes that underlie recognition, using subjective judgments of "remembering" and "knowing" to measure recollection and familiarity (Tulving, 1985). Yonelinas (2001) has argued that these "R-K" judgments produce the same estimates of the processes as are obtained from ROC data. We propose a new two-dimensional SDT model of R-K judgments (Rotello, Macmillan, and Reeder, resubmitted). In our model, Old items differ from New ones in both global and specific memory strength. Global strength can be thought of as traditional "familiarity," and specific strength as either continuous recollective process or familiarity of an item based on specific details. Old-new judgments are based on a weighted sum of these dimensions, and R-K decisions are based on a weighted difference. Our model accurately describes existing recognition and Remember-Know data, and makes novel predictions about several new kinds of ROCs (i.e., ROCs based on "remember" or "know" responses only). These ROC curves distinguish our model from existing one- and two-process models that have been applied to R-K data. Importantly, the two-dimensional model assumes that Remember and Know judgments are not "process-pure"; they do not measure recollection or familiarity directly. We will explore our model using a two-pronged approach, involving both (1) empirical evaluation of the two-dimensional model and (2) theoretical generalization of the model to other experimental situations. Proposed empirical work involves the production of various kinds of ROC curves, along with the comparison of the shape and extent of those curves to theoretically-generated curves. Theoretical work will generalize the two-dimensional model of R-K judgments to account for other findings in recognition, such as linear ROC functions and the time-course of recognition.