Two-process recognition memory: Evidence from ROC curve

描述(申请人提供)：再认记忆的单过程模型假设判断是基于测试探针的熟悉度；双过程模型假设基于熟悉度的过程有时会被回忆过程的输出补充。各种方法，包括接收器工作特性(ROC)曲线的评估，已经被用来为双过程观点提供证据(例如，Rotello，Macmilan和Van Tassel，2000)。其他研究人员选择了一条潜在的更直接的途径，通过“记忆”和“知道”的主观判断来衡量回忆和熟悉度，这两个过程构成了认知的基础(图尔文，1985)。Yonelinas(2001)认为，这些“R-K”判断产生的过程估计与从中华民国数据得到的相同。我们提出了一个新的R-K判决的二维SDT模型(Rotello，Macmilan和Reeder，重新提交)。在我们的模型中，旧项和新项在全局记忆强度和特定记忆强度上都不同。全球力量可以被认为是传统的“熟悉度”，而特定的力量可以被认为是连续的回忆过程或基于特定细节的熟悉度。旧的-新的判断是基于这些维度的加权和，而R-K决策是基于加权差异。我们的模型准确地描述了现有的识别和记忆-知道数据，并对几种新的ROC做出了新的预测(即，仅基于“记住”或“知道”的反应的ROC)。这些ROC曲线将我们的模型与已应用于R-K数据的现有单过程和双过程模型区分开来。重要的是，二维模型假设记忆和知道的判断不是“纯过程的”；它们不直接测量回忆或熟悉度。我们将使用双管齐下的方法来探索我们的模型，包括(1)对二维模型的经验评估和(2)对模型到其他实验情况的理论推广。建议的实证工作包括产生各种ROC曲线，以及将这些曲线的形状和程度与理论生成的曲线进行比较。理论工作将推广R-K判断的二维模型，以解释识别中的其他发现，如线性ROC函数和识别的时间过程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One-process models of recognition memory assume that judgments are based on the familiarity of the test probe; two-process models assume that the familiarity-based process is sometimes supplemented by the output of a recollective process. A variety of methods, including evaluation of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, have been used to provide evidence for the two-process view (e.g., Rotello, Macmillan, and Van Tassel, 2000). Other researchers have chosen a potentially more direct route to the two processes that underlie recognition, using subjective judgments of "remembering" and "knowing" to measure recollection and familiarity (Tulving, 1985). Yonelinas (2001) has argued that these "R-K" judgments produce the same estimates of the processes as are obtained from ROC data. We propose a new two-dimensional SDT model of R-K judgments (Rotello, Macmillan, and Reeder, resubmitted). In our model, Old items differ from New ones in both global and specific memory strength. Global strength can be thought of as traditional "familiarity," and specific strength as either continuous recollective process or familiarity of an item based on specific details. Old-new judgments are based on a weighted sum of these dimensions, and R-K decisions are based on a weighted difference. Our model accurately describes existing recognition and Remember-Know data, and makes novel predictions about several new kinds of ROCs (i.e., ROCs based on "remember" or "know" responses only). These ROC curves distinguish our model from existing one- and two-process models that have been applied to R-K data. Importantly, the two-dimensional model assumes that Remember and Know judgments are not "process-pure"; they do not measure recollection or familiarity directly. We will explore our model using a two-pronged approach, involving both (1) empirical evaluation of the two-dimensional model and (2) theoretical generalization of the model to other experimental situations. Proposed empirical work involves the production of various kinds of ROC curves, along with the comparison of the shape and extent of those curves to theoretically-generated curves. Theoretical work will generalize the two-dimensional model of R-K judgments to account for other findings in recognition, such as linear ROC functions and the time-course of recognition.