NEUROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ALTERED MOTOR CONTROL IN REM

描述（申请人摘要）： 睡眠的一个显著特征是去甲肾上腺素能神经元逐渐沉默， (NA)脑干蓝斑（LC）内5-HT能神经元 和中缝背核（DRN）作为一个动物从觉醒（W） 非快速眼动睡眠（NREM）到快速眼动睡眠 （REM）。这种沉默目前被认为是REM所必需的。 然而，在脑桥病变的猫中， 在无肌张力（REM-A）的情况下，DRN神经元可以以相对较高的速率恢复 射击。在快速眼动-A期，动物可以表现出复杂的行为（头部- 抬起;前肢扶正，“定向”[有些人可以定向到外部 刺激]、站立和运动）。因此，5-HT在REM中的作用 可能涉及状态控制的运动方面。神经元的命运 在REM-A是未知的。在W，NA LC神经元具有定向和 而在正常的快速眼动中它们是沉默的。该项目将 (l)比较大鼠REM和REM-A的变化;（2）研究NA-LC的活性 REM和REM-A中的细胞。后者是一个国家，其中许多 REM的电生理特征，当NA细胞正常时， 将是无声的，与定向类行为共同出现，在W中， 与他们的活动有关。这种方法将使我们能够 解决一个对我们理解REM至关重要的问题： NA神经元沉默是REM所必需的吗？我们将详细描述 大鼠的REM-A行为，并确定其反应能力 对中性和显著的外部刺激的反应。到那时就会 确定NA LC神经元与自发发射的关系， 在快速眼动-A中的外部诱发刺激。这些研究将提供 关于这些神经元的沉默是否是必要的信息， 快速眼动，或者它是否与行为抑制有关， 是由正常快速眼动时的张力不足引起的这些研究可能会带来更好的 对快速眼动障碍的理解，如快速眼动行为障碍， 与快速眼动A相类似，其特征在于睡眠期间的明显行为。

DESCRIPTION (applicant's abstract): A striking feature of sleep is the gradual silencing of noradrenergic (NA) and serotonergic (5-HT) neurons in brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) as an animal passes from wakefulness (W) to non-rapid-eye movement sleep (NREM) to rapid eye-movement sleep (REM). This silencing is currently thought to be necessary for REM. However, in cats with pontine lesions that create the phenomenon of REM without atonia (REM-A), DRN neurons can resume a relatively high rate of firing. In REM-A, animals can exhibit elaborate behavior (head- lifting; righting on forelimbs, "orienting" [some can orient to external stimuli], standing and locomotion). Thus, the role of 5-HT during REM may involve motor aspects of state control. The fate of NA LC neurons in REM-A is unknown. In W, NA LC neurons have roles in orienting and motor behavior whereas they are silent in normal REM. This project will (l) compare REM and REM-A in rats and (2) study the activity of NA LC cells in REM and in REM-A. The latter is a state in which many electrophysiological characteristics of REM, when NA cells normally would be silent, co-occur with orienting-like behavior that, in W, could be associated with their activation. This approach will allow us to address a question fundamental to our understanding of REM: Is the silence of NA neurons necessary for REM? We shall thoroughly describe the behavior of REM-A in rats and determine their ability to respond overtly to neutral and significant external stimuli. We shall then determine the relationship of NA LC neurons to spontaneously emitted and externally elicited stimuli in REM-A. These studies will provide information as to whether the silence of these neurons is necessary for REM, or whether it is associated with the behavioral suppression created by the atonia of normal REM. These studies may lead to a better understanding of disorders of REM, such as REM behavior disorder, which, like REM-A, is characterized by overt behavior during sleep.