Scene Perception and Visual Memory

自然场景的视觉感知是一个动态的过程，在这个过程中，局部物体是通过眼睛和注意力的运动来选择的。场景感知的选择性特性对构建场景的视觉表示有很强的限制，因为先前选择的项必须保留在存储器中并被集成以形成场景作为一个整体的表示。这项研究的目的是调查在观看自然场景的过程中构建的视觉表征的性质。将使用变化检测和强迫选择歧视程序来调查四个主要问题。首先，视觉表征会随着注意力从物体上转移而衰退吗？关注物体是否是检测该物体变化的必要条件？第二，变化检测的局限性(即变化盲性)是否仅源于视觉记忆的限制，或者提取和比较限制在变化检测失败中起作用？第三，物体信息的提取在多大程度上受空间位置的调节。第四，在观看自然场景时，局部物体的视觉记忆衰退的速度有多快？本研究将有助于确定视觉记忆对自然场景的特异性，视觉记忆注意之间的关系，以及视觉记忆编码和提取的机制。

The visual perception of natural scenes is a dynamic process during which local objects are selected by movements of the eyes and attention. The selective nature of scene perception paces strong constraints on the construction of a visual representation of a scene, as previously selected items must be retained in memory and integrated to form a representation of the scene as a whole. The goal of the proposed research is to investigate the nature of the visual representation constructed during the viewing of natural scenes. Change detection and forced-choice discrimination procedures will be used to investigate four primary questions. First, do visual representations decay upon the withdrawal of attention from an object, and is attending to an object a necessary condition for detecting change to that object? Second, do limitations on change detection (i.e. change blindness) derive solely from constraints on visual memory or do retrieval and comparison constraints play a role in change detection failure? Third, to what extent is the retrieval of object information mediated by spatial position. Fourth, how quickly does visual memory for a local object decay during the viewing of a natural scene? This research will help to determine the specificity of visual memory for natural scenes, the relationship between visual memory attention, and the mechanisms of visual memory encoding and retrieval.