ETIOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE USE IN AUSTRALIA /USA

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：这项研究将 调查和比较药物使用和药物使用的流行病学和病因学 华盛顿州和澳大利亚维多利亚州的虐待事件。数据将是 从全州5年级、7年级和9年级的概率样本中收集 学生们。每个州每个年级的1000名学生将组成一个 每隔一年对纵向面板进行三次检验。这项研究 将利用一种最新开发的仪器，能够节省成本 全面衡量风险和保护因素、实质内容 使用和其他有问题的行为这种仪器适合于较大年龄的人 青年范围(10-20岁)，提供有关水平和水平的独特信息 这些预测因子在不同发育阶段的相对强度。这个 对澳大利亚和美国的这些过程进行比较将允许 对这些预测因子的跨国效度进行调查。这个 国际比较也将调查文化差异 两国之间预测药物使用和滥用，可能导致 药物滥用的新危险因素的发现。这项研究具有 以下目的：检查调查措施的跨国有效性 全面的风险和保护因素以及物质使用和其他 问题行为；比较风险和保护因素水平以及 物质使用情况(物质来源、使用频率和重度 使用)和相关的问题行为；检查 启蒙、进展和发展的途径的异同 维持两个州的吸毒行为；检查吸毒的程度和 两个州之间的文化差异对风险水平和 保护和启动、进展和维持的模式 物质使用；具体地说，检查差异的程度和影响 预防方案中减少危害与禁欲的规范性信息 和学校政策；检验社会发展的比较契合度 模型(Catalano和Hawkins，1996)在两个州。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): This study will investigate and compare the epidemiology and etiology of substance use and abuse in Washington State and the State of Victoria in Australia. Data will be collected from statewide probability samples of 5th, 7th, and 9th grade students. The 1000 students at each grade level in each state will constitute a longitudinal panel to be surveyed three times at annual intervals. The study will utilize a recently developed instrument capable of cost-efficient measurement of a comprehensive range of risk and protective factors, substance use, and other problem behaviors This instrument is appropriate for a broad age range of youth (age 10-20) providing unique information on the level and comparative strength of these predictors at different developmental stages. The comparison of these processes in Australia and the U.S. will allow for the investigation of the cross national validity of these predictors. The international comparison will also investigate whether cultural differences between the two countries predict substance use and abuse, perhaps leading to the discovery of new risk factors for substance abuse. This study has the following aims: To examine the cross-national validity of survey measures of a comprehensive range of risk and protective factors and substance use and other problem behaviors; To compare the levels of risk and protective factors and prevalence of substance use (substance initiation, frequency of use and heavy use) and related problem behaviors in the two states; To examine the similarities and differences in the pathways to initiation, progression and maintenance of drug using behavior in the two states; To examine the extent and effect of cultural differences between the two states on levels of risk and protection and patterns of initiation, progression, and maintenance of substance use; Specifically, to examine the extent and effect of differences in normative messages of harm reduction versus abstinence in prevention programs and school policies; To test the comparative fit of the Social Development Model (Catalano and Hawkins, 1996) in two states.