Developmental Exposure to Nicotine

尼古丁的发育暴露

• 批准号: 6422403
• 负责人: RUSSELL Elliott POLAND
• 金额: $ 15.3万
• 依托单位: CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-30 至 2004-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6422403
• 关键词: embryo /fetus toxicology; gender difference; human data; laboratory rat; nicotine; nicotinic receptors; psychopharmacology; receptor binding; self medication; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) This is an R21 application to explore the development of an animal model to study the effects of parental and peripuberal exposure to nicotine. Nicotine remains an important drug of abuse worldwide. In the United States (U.S.), tobacco use is the single leading preventable cause of death. However, despite considerable negative publicity and health warnings, approximately 25 percent of the U.S. population still smoke. Aside from producing profound behavioral effects in the adult organism, nicotine also disrupts developmental processes in many species. Recent epidemiologic data suggest that fetal exposure to nicotine increases the risk for tobacco use during adolescence and adulthood, particularly in females. In addition, 75 percent of adult tobacco users report their first tobacco use occurred when they were "youngsters" (childhood or adolescence). In order to study this issue further, as well as to develop an animal model to elucidate potential underlying mechanisms, the effects of nicotine exposure during gestation on nicotine self-administration in adult male and female rat offspring will be studied. In addition, the effects of nicotine exposure during the periadolescent period on nicotine self-administration in adult offspring will be ascertained. It is hypothesized that nicotine exposure in utero will increase nicotine self-administration in adult offspring. Similarly, peripuberal exposure to nicotine also will increase nicotine self-administration during adulthood. The proposed studies will characterize the relationships between exposure to nicotine during critical periods of development and the acquisition, maintenance, extinction and re-initiation phases of nicotine self-administration. The results of these experiments should provide new and important insights on the relationships between prior nicotine exposure and nicotine-seeking behavior. In addition, since nicotine is considered as a "gateway" drug for the subsequent use of alcohol and other illicit drugs, the results of the proposed studies will lay the groundwork to further understand the factors which might increase vulnerability to drug addictions in general, and to nicotine abuse, in particular.

描述：（由申请人提供）这是一个 R21 应用程序，旨在探索 开发动物模型来研究父母和青春期前后的影响 接触尼古丁。尼古丁仍然是全世界重要的滥用药物。在 在美国（U.S.），烟草使用是唯一主要的可预防原因 死亡。然而，尽管存在大量负面宣传和健康警告， 大约 25% 的美国人仍然吸烟。除了 尼古丁也会对成人机体产生深远的行为影响 扰乱许多物种的发育过程。最近的流行病学数据 表明胎儿接触尼古丁会增加吸烟的风险 在青春期和成年期，尤其是女性。此外，75 成年吸烟者的百分比报告他们第一次吸烟发生在 他们是“年轻人”（童年或青春期）。为了研究这个问题 进一步，以及开发动物模型来阐明潜力 潜在机制，妊娠期间尼古丁暴露的影响 成年雄性和雌性大鼠后代的尼古丁自我给药将 研究过。此外，在吸烟期间接触尼古丁也会产生影响。 青春期期间尼古丁自我给药对成年后代的影响 被确定。据推测，子宫内接触尼古丁会 增加成年后代的尼古丁自我施用。相似地， 青春期前后接触尼古丁也会增加尼古丁含量 成年期间的自我管理。拟议的研究将描述 关键时期接触尼古丁之间的关系 发展和获取、维持、灭绝和重新启动 尼古丁自我给药的阶段。这些实验的结果应该 为先前尼古丁之间的关系提供新的重要见解 暴露和寻求尼古丁的行为。此外，由于尼古丁 被认为是随后使用酒精和其他药物的“门户”药物 非法药物，拟议研究的结果将为 进一步了解可能增加对毒品的脆弱性的因素 一般成瘾，特别是尼古丁滥用。