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Genetic and environmental variation in the effect of dietary restriction on life-history trade-offs and ageing in Drosophila

饮食限制对果蝇生活史权衡和衰老影响的遗传和环境变异

基本信息

批准号：
1869155
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1869155
关键词：
Genetic environmental variation effect dietary

项目摘要

Understanding the causes and consequences of variation in longevity and ageing is important not only in the context of life history evolution, but also in our attempts to understand and mitigate these processes in humans. Life history theory predicts that variation in longevity and ageing is related to the trade-off between survival and reproduction. Dietary restriction (DR), a modest reduction in nutrient intake, has been shown to increase longevity and slow rates of ageing across a diverse range of species. The evolutionary explanation for this prolongevity effect of DR is that it alters the trade-off between survival and reproduction in the favour of increased investment in survival. Although the effect of DR is thought to be evolutionarily conserved, recent studies suggest genetic variation in the response to DR. In addition, recent theory has questioned whether the prolongevity and anti-ageing effect of DR will persist when organisms are exposed to ecologically relevant stressors such as pathogens, physical injury and temperature variation. Understanding the extent of this variation in the response of longevity and ageing to diet is clearly important in improving our understanding of the ageing process, how it might be mediated by diet and how this may vary between individuals and environments. This project will use Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism in which to provide detailed studies of genetic variation in the response to DR and the effect of exposure to environmental stress.Drosophila will be reared on diets that differ in yeast content and the effect of these diets on longevity, reproduction and ageing in various traits will be assessed. Using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) (~ 200 inbred lines of Drosophila), quantitative genetic experiments will be performed to allow estimation of the quantitative genetic variation in the response to DR and how DR influences the genetic (co)variation between life history traits; a key measure of life history trade-offs. The existence of genome wide sequence data for these lines will allow investigation of candidate genes underlying this variation. In addition, Drosophila on different diets will be exposed to environmental stressors including pathogens, physical injury and temperature variation to assess the effect of environmental variation on the response to DR. This PhD will provide training in the design, implementation and analysis of complex experiments across multiple generations as well as learning techniques for assaying and analysing traits such as growth, survival, physical performance etc. In addition, Drosophila melanogaster represent an incredibly well studied and flexible system that will allow a student scope to develop their own ideas.

了解寿命和衰老变化的原因和后果不仅在生命史进化的背景下很重要，而且在我们试图理解和减轻人类这些过程中也很重要。生命史理论预测，寿命和衰老的变化与生存和繁殖之间的权衡有关。饮食限制（DR），适度减少营养摄入量，已被证明可以延长寿命，减缓各种物种的衰老速度。DR的这种长寿效应的进化解释是，它改变了生存和繁殖之间的权衡，有利于增加对生存的投资。虽然DR的影响被认为是进化保守的，最近的研究表明，在DR的反应遗传变异。此外，最近的理论质疑是否DR的长寿和抗衰老的效果将持续当生物体暴露于生态相关的应激源，如病原体，物理损伤和温度变化。了解长寿和衰老对饮食的反应的这种变化程度显然对提高我们对衰老过程的理解非常重要，它如何通过饮食介导以及如何在个人和环境之间变化。本项目将以黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）为模式生物，详细研究果蝇对DR的反应和暴露于环境压力的影响的遗传变异。果蝇将被饲养在不同酵母含量的饮食中，这些饮食对寿命、生殖和衰老的各种特征的影响将被评估。使用果蝇遗传参考组（DGRP）（约200个果蝇近交系），将进行定量遗传实验，以估计对DR反应的定量遗传变异以及DR如何影响生活史性状之间的遗传（共）变异;这是生活史权衡的关键指标。这些品系的全基因组序列数据的存在将允许调查这种变异的潜在候选基因。此外，果蝇对不同的饮食将暴露于环境应激源，包括病原体，身体伤害和温度变化，以评估环境变化对DR的反应的影响。该博士学位将提供设计，实施和分析跨多代复杂实验的培训，以及学习技术，用于测定和分析生长，生存，此外，果蝇代表了一个令人难以置信的良好的研究和灵活的系统，将允许学生的范围，以发展自己的想法。