The genetics and evolution of sexual antagonism

性对抗的遗传学和进化

• 批准号: 1913983
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1913983
• 关键词: genetics; evolution; sexual; antagonism

The sexes represent two very different genetic environments as the selective pressures they experience are different due to reproductive roles. This leads to conflict in the form of genes with sex-specific fitness alleles: sexually antagonistic (SA) genes. This lowers fitness in both sexes, instigating strong selection for the resolution of conflict. SA variation is predicted to be common across the genome and to influence several biological phenomena e.g. maintenance of genetic variation, gene expression and even human health outcomes. Past research into SA resolution and evolution has been limited because of the small number of described SA loci. Recent work provides the first list of putative SA loci in Drosophila melanogaster. This project takes these loci as candidates to first validate their SA phenotypic effects and then investigate how SA variation has been maintained. First, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing will enact small genetic alterations and test their effect. Then, the maintenance of SA genetic variation will be probed by comparisons within other Drososphila species and by population genomic analyses of wild D. melanogaster populations. This work will provide a full picture of validated SA loci, their phenotypic affect, and their evolutionary history, both across different selective pressures and phylogenetic time.

两性代表了两种非常不同的遗传环境，因为它们所经历的选择压力因生殖角色而不同。这导致了具有性别特异性适应等位基因的基因形式的冲突：性拮抗（SA）基因。这降低了两性的适应性，引发了解决冲突的强选择。SA变异被预测在整个基因组中是常见的，并影响几种生物现象，例如遗传变异的维持、基因表达甚至人类健康结果。过去的研究SA的分辨率和演变一直是有限的，因为少数的SA基因座。最近的工作提供了第一个清单，假定SA基因座在果蝇。本项目以这些位点作为候选位点，首先验证它们的SA表型效应，然后研究SA变异是如何维持的。首先，CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑将产生小的遗传改变并测试其效果。然后，SA遗传变异的维持将通过与其他果蝇属物种的比较和野生果蝇的群体基因组分析来探讨。黑腹种群这项工作将提供一个完整的图片验证SA位点，其表型的影响，和它们的进化历史，无论是在不同的选择压力和系统发育时间。