SPEECH PERCEPTION AND MEMORY IN AN EPISODIC LEXICON

描述：这项研究将调查英语中的词汇表征 长期记忆以及编码和提取这些记忆的过程 申述。大多数理论都假设语音波形被转换成 音素串，然后将其与心理词典进行比较。当比较时 找到一个匹配的单词，这个词就是“已识别的”。典型的视图强调 词的抽象属性：一种包含特质的语音信号 信息(例如，说话者的声音、环境噪声)被归一化为 规范形式，然后与抽象词汇条目匹配。很少有理论 考虑到语音的特质不仅仅是信号中的“噪音”。然而， 多痕迹记忆模型假设知觉经验的这些细节 并没有被遗忘；相反，它们是后来感知中不可或缺的一部分。建议数 研究和模拟(使用Hintzman，1986，Minerva 2模型)已经 产生了令人鼓舞的结果(Goldinger，1998)。拟议中的研究将检验 现有模型的预测限度，经过修饰的版本如下 这是必要的。在项目1中，感知和记忆实验将测试 控制插曲内容的因素，考察选择性注意的作用 和工作记忆。这些实验还将检查这种病毒的性质和程度。 痕迹形成中的知觉-概念权衡。根据该模型， 这些维度应该是灵活和紧急的，很大程度上取决于 处理任务和工作记忆资源。项目2中的实验 将使用完整的句子作为刺激，检查较大情节单元的记忆。 对句子的记忆也将使用一种新的语音产生进行评估 方法，检查受试者口语反应的声学-语音内容。 与之前的研究一样，受试者被期望自发地模仿 刺激性句子的声学模式，包括持续时间、音调和 语调。此外，该模型预测，模仿的程度将是 受句子的“抽象”特征的影响，如句法和 语义的复杂性，表明语音的声学表现 反映了语言刺激及其插曲的复杂相互作用 申述。

DESCRIPTION: This research would investigate lexical representations in long-term memory and the processes that both encode and retrieve those representations. Most theories assume that speech waveforms are converted to phoneme strings, which are then compared to the mental lexicon. When comparison yields a match, the word is "recognized." The typical view emphasizes the abstract properties of words: A speech signal containing idiosyncratic information (e.g., speakers' voice, ambient noise) is normalized into a canonical form and then matched to abstract lexical entries. Few theories consider idiosyncrasies of speech as more than "noise" in the signal. However, a multiple-trace memory model posits that such details of perceptual experience are not forgotten; instead, they are integral to later perception. The proposed research and simulations (using Hintzman's, 1986, MINERVA 2 model) have already produced encouraging results (Goldinger, 1998). The proposed research will test the predictive limits of the extant model, with embellished versions as necessary. In Project 1, perception and memory experiments will test the factors that govern episodic content, examining roles of selective attention and working memory. The experiments will also examine the nature and extent of perceptual-conceptual tradeoffs in trace formation. According to the model, these dimensions should be flexible and emergent, depending largely upon processing tasks and working-memory resources. The experiments in Project 2 will examine memory for larger episodic units, using full sentences as stimuli. Memory for sentences will also be assessed using a novel speech-production method, examining the acoustic-phonetic content of subject's spoken responses. As in previous research, subjects are expected to spontaneously imitate the acoustic patterns of the stimulus sentences, in terms of duration, pitch, and intonation. Moreover, the model predicts that degrees of imitation will be affected by "abstract" characteristics of the sentences, such as syntactic and semantic complexity, suggesting that the acoustic manifestations of speech reflect a complex interplay of the linguistic stimuli and their episodic representations.