SPEECH PERCEPTION AND MEMORY IN AN EPISODIC LEXICON

描述：本研究将调查词汇表征， 长期记忆以及编码和提取这些信息的过程 表示。大多数理论假设语音波形被转换为 音素串，然后将其与心理词典进行比较。当比较 如果匹配，则该单词为“已识别”。“典型的观点强调 词的抽象属性：一种包含特殊 信息（例如，扬声器的声音，环境噪声）被归一化为 规范形式，然后匹配到抽象的词汇条目。一些理论 认为语音的特质不仅仅是信号中的“噪声”。然而，在这方面， 一个多痕迹记忆模型认为， 它们不会被遗忘;相反，它们是后来感知的组成部分。拟议 研究和模拟（使用Hintzman，1986年，MINERVA 2模型）已经 结果令人鼓舞（Goldinger，1998）。这项研究将测试 现存模型的预测极限，以及修饰版本，如 必要在项目1中，感知和记忆实验将测试 控制情节内容的因素，检查选择性注意的作用 和工作记忆这些实验还将研究 跟踪形成中的感知-概念权衡。根据模型， 这些方面应该是灵活和紧急的，主要取决于 处理任务和工作记忆资源。项目2中的实验 将使用完整的句子作为刺激来检查较大的情节单元的记忆。 句子的记忆也将使用一种新的语音产生来评估。 方法，检查受试者的口语反应的声学语音内容。 与以前的研究一样，受试者被要求自发地模仿 刺激句子的声学模式，在持续时间，音高， 语调此外，该模型预测，模仿的程度将是 受句子的“抽象”特征的影响，如句法和 语义的复杂性，这表明语音的声学表现 反映了语言刺激和它们的情节之间复杂的相互作用 表示。

DESCRIPTION: This research would investigate lexical representations in long-term memory and the processes that both encode and retrieve those representations. Most theories assume that speech waveforms are converted to phoneme strings, which are then compared to the mental lexicon. When comparison yields a match, the word is "recognized." The typical view emphasizes the abstract properties of words: A speech signal containing idiosyncratic information (e.g., speakers' voice, ambient noise) is normalized into a canonical form and then matched to abstract lexical entries. Few theories consider idiosyncrasies of speech as more than "noise" in the signal. However, a multiple-trace memory model posits that such details of perceptual experience are not forgotten; instead, they are integral to later perception. The proposed research and simulations (using Hintzman's, 1986, MINERVA 2 model) have already produced encouraging results (Goldinger, 1998). The proposed research will test the predictive limits of the extant model, with embellished versions as necessary. In Project 1, perception and memory experiments will test the factors that govern episodic content, examining roles of selective attention and working memory. The experiments will also examine the nature and extent of perceptual-conceptual tradeoffs in trace formation. According to the model, these dimensions should be flexible and emergent, depending largely upon processing tasks and working-memory resources. The experiments in Project 2 will examine memory for larger episodic units, using full sentences as stimuli. Memory for sentences will also be assessed using a novel speech-production method, examining the acoustic-phonetic content of subject's spoken responses. As in previous research, subjects are expected to spontaneously imitate the acoustic patterns of the stimulus sentences, in terms of duration, pitch, and intonation. Moreover, the model predicts that degrees of imitation will be affected by "abstract" characteristics of the sentences, such as syntactic and semantic complexity, suggesting that the acoustic manifestations of speech reflect a complex interplay of the linguistic stimuli and their episodic representations.