SPEECH PERCEPTION AND MEMORY IN AN EPISODIC LEXICON

情景词典中的语音感知和记忆

• 批准号: 6523597
• 负责人: Stephen D Goldinger
• 金额: $ 21.5万
• 依托单位: ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6523597
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); attention; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; human subject; long term memory; model design /development; noise; phonology; psychoacoustics; psychological models; short term memory; speech; speech recognition; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION: This research would investigate lexical representations in long-term memory and the processes that both encode and retrieve those representations. Most theories assume that speech waveforms are converted to phoneme strings, which are then compared to the mental lexicon. When comparison yields a match, the word is "recognized." The typical view emphasizes the abstract properties of words: A speech signal containing idiosyncratic information (e.g., speakers' voice, ambient noise) is normalized into a canonical form and then matched to abstract lexical entries. Few theories consider idiosyncrasies of speech as more than "noise" in the signal. However, a multiple-trace memory model posits that such details of perceptual experience are not forgotten; instead, they are integral to later perception. The proposed research and simulations (using Hintzman's, 1986, MINERVA 2 model) have already produced encouraging results (Goldinger, 1998). The proposed research will test the predictive limits of the extant model, with embellished versions as necessary. In Project 1, perception and memory experiments will test the factors that govern episodic content, examining roles of selective attention and working memory. The experiments will also examine the nature and extent of perceptual-conceptual tradeoffs in trace formation. According to the model, these dimensions should be flexible and emergent, depending largely upon processing tasks and working-memory resources. The experiments in Project 2 will examine memory for larger episodic units, using full sentences as stimuli. Memory for sentences will also be assessed using a novel speech-production method, examining the acoustic-phonetic content of subject's spoken responses. As in previous research, subjects are expected to spontaneously imitate the acoustic patterns of the stimulus sentences, in terms of duration, pitch, and intonation. Moreover, the model predicts that degrees of imitation will be affected by "abstract" characteristics of the sentences, such as syntactic and semantic complexity, suggesting that the acoustic manifestations of speech reflect a complex interplay of the linguistic stimuli and their episodic representations.

描述：这项研究将调查以下词汇的表达： 长期记忆以及编码和检索这些记忆的过程 交涉。大多数理论假设语音波形被转换为 音素字符串，然后与心理词典进行比较。比较时 产生匹配，该词是“已识别”。典型的观点强调 词的抽象属性：包含特殊性质的语音信号 信息（例如，说话者的声音、环境噪声）被标准化为 规范形式，然后与抽象词汇条目匹配。理论很少 将语音特性视为不仅仅是信号中的“噪声”。然而， 多轨迹记忆模型假设感知体验的这些细节 没有被遗忘；相反，它们是后来感知不可或缺的一部分。拟议的 研究和模拟（使用 Hintzman's，1986，MINERVA 2 模型）已经 产生了令人鼓舞的结果（Goldinger，1998）。拟议的研究将测试 现有模型的预测极限，修饰后的版本为 必要的。在项目1中，感知和记忆实验将测试 控制情节内容的因素，检查选择性注意的作用 和工作记忆。实验还将检验 痕迹形成中的感知-概念权衡。根据模型， 这些维度应该是灵活的和紧急的，很大程度上取决于 处理任务和工作记忆资源。项目2中的实验 将使用完整的句子作为刺激来检查对较大情景单元的记忆。 句子的记忆也将使用一种新颖的语音生成进行评估 方法，检查受试者口头反应的声学语音内容。 与之前的研究一样，受试者被期望自发地模仿 刺激句子的声学模式，包括持续时间、音高和 语调。此外，该模型预测模仿程度将是 受句子“抽象”特征的影响，例如句法和 语义复杂性，表明语音的声学表现 反映语言刺激及其情景的复杂相互作用 交涉。