Speech Perception and Memory in an Episodic Lexicon

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的研究调查了长期记忆中的词汇表征，以及在言语感知，产生和记忆中编码和检索这些表征的过程。大多数理论假设语音波形被转换为音素串，然后将其与心理词典进行比较。这种观点强调了词的抽象属性：包含特殊信息的语音信号（例如，说话者的声音）被规范化为规范形式，然后与抽象词汇条目进行匹配。然而，情景记忆理论认为，知觉经验的细节不会被遗忘。相反，它们储存，并支持后来的感知。本研究包括五个具体目标。首先，我们将准备一个计算模型的集合，从强情节到混合抽象情节模型。其余四个目标对应于四个经验项目。这些实验使用言语感知、产生和记忆测量来测试情景视图。在项目1中，感知和记忆实验将测试影响情节内容的因素，检查选择性注意和工作记忆的作用。实验将评估记忆痕迹形成中感知-概念权衡的性质和程度。项目二采用多维标度实验结合记忆测验的方法，探讨相似距离在情景词启动中的作用。项目3提供了关键的测试，情节的看法，使用眼动追踪程序，以评估时间进程的情节效应的看法。项目4将使用完整的句子作为刺激，检查较大的情节单元的记忆。除了标准测试，句子记忆将使用一种新的语音产生方法进行评估，检查口语反应的声学语音内容。根据我们先前的研究，我们期望人们自发地模仿刺激句子的声学模式。情景理论预测模仿的程度会受到句子的“抽象”特征（如语义复杂性）的影响，这表明语音声学反映了语言刺激及其情景表征的复杂相互作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our research investigates lexical representations in long-term memory and the processes that both encode and retrieve those representations in speech perception, production and memory. Most theories assume that speech waveforms are converted to phoneme strings, which are then compared to the mental lexicon. This view emphasizes the abstract properties of words: Speech signals containing idiosyncratic information (e.g., speaker's voice) are normalized into canonical forms, then matched to abstract lexical entries. However, episodic memory theories posit that details of perceptual experiences are not forgotten. Instead, they stored, and they support later perception. The proposed research consists of five specific aims. First, we will prepare a collection of computational models, ranging from strongly episodic to hybrid abstract-episodic models. The remaining four aims correspond to four empirical projects. These experiments test the episodic view using speech perception, production, and memory measures. In Project 1, perception and memory experiments will test factors that affect episodic content, examining roles of selective attention and working memory. The experiments will assess the nature and extent of perceptual-conceptual tradeoffs in memory trace formation. In Project 2, multidimensional scaling experiments are coupled with memory tests, aiming to discover the similarity-distance function in episodic word priming. Project 3 provides critical tests of the episodic view, using eye-tracking procedures to assess the timecourse of episodic effects in perception. Project 4 will examine memory for larger episodic units, using full sentences as stimuli. In addition to standard tests, sentence memory will be assessed using a novel speech-production method, examining the acoustic-phonetic content of spoken responses. Following our previous research, we expect people to spontaneously imitate acoustic patterns of the stimulus sentences. The episodic theory predicts that degrees of imitation will be affected by "abstract" characteristics of the sentences, such as semantic complexity, suggesting that speech acoustics reflect a complex interplay of linguistic stimuli and their episodic representations.