Speech Perception and Memory in an Episodic Lexicon

描述(申请人提供)：这项研究调查了长时记忆中的词汇表征，以及编码和提取这些表征的过程。大多数理论假设语音波形被转换成音素串，然后与心理词典进行比较。当比较得到匹配时，单词就被“识别”了。这种典型的观点强调词的抽象属性：包含特殊信息(例如，说话人的声音、环境噪声)的语音信号被归一化为规范形式，然后与抽象词条相匹配。很少有理论认为言语的特质比信号中的“噪音”更重要。然而，情景记忆模型假定知觉经验的细节不会被遗忘；相反，它们是后来知觉的组成部分。这项拟议的研究通过语音感知、记忆和产生实验，结合模型模拟，进一步测试了情节观点。在项目1中，知觉和记忆实验将测试控制情节内容的因素，考察选择性注意力和工作记忆的作用。这些实验将评估痕迹形成中知觉-概念权衡的性质和程度。在项目2中，多维尺度实验与记忆测试相结合，目的是发现情景词汇启动中的相似性-距离函数。项目3使用眼球跟踪程序来评估感知中的情节效应的时间过程，从而提供了对情节观点的关键测试。项目4中的实验将使用完整的句子作为刺激，测试较大片段单元的记忆。除了标准测试外，还将使用一种新的语音产生方法来评估句子记忆，即检查口语反应的声学-语音内容。与之前的研究一样，我们希望人们自发地模仿刺激句子的声音模式。情景理论预测模仿程度将受到句子的抽象特征的影响，如语义复杂性，这表明言语声学反映了语言刺激及其情景表征的复杂相互作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research investigates lexical representations in long-term memory and the processes that both encode and retrieve those representations. Most theories assume that speech waveforms are converted to phoneme strings, which are then compared to the mental lexicon. When comparisons yield matches, words are "recognized." This typical view emphasizes the abstract properties of words: Speech signals containing idiosyncratic information (e.g., speaker's voice, ambient noise) are normalized into a canonical form, then matched to abstract lexical entries. Few theories consider idiosyncrasies of speech as more than "noise" in the signal. However, episodic memory models posits that details of perceptual experiences are not forgotten; instead, they are integral to later perception. The proposed research further tests the episodic view, using speech perception, memory, and production experiments, coupled with model simulations. In Project 1, perception and memory experiments will test factors governing episodic content, examining roles of selective attention and working memory. The experiments will assess the nature and extent of perceptual-conceptual tradeoffs in trace formation. In Project 2, multidimensional scaling experiments are coupled with memory tests, with a goal of discovering the similarity-distance function in episodic word priming. Project 3 provides a critical test of the episodic view, using eye-tracking procedures to assess the timecourse of episodic effects in perception. The experiments in Project 4 will examine memory for larger episodic units, using full sentences as stimuli. In addition to standard tests, sentence memory will also be assessed using a novel speech-production method, examining the acoustic-phonetic content of spoken responses. As in previous research, we expect people to spontaneously imitate acoustic patterns of the stimulus sentences. The episodic theory predicts that degrees of imitation will be affected by "abstract" characteristics of the sentences, such as semantic complexity, suggesting that speech acoustics reflect a complex interplay of linguistic stimuli and their episodic representations.