Speech Perception and Memory in an Episodic Lexicon

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究探讨长期记忆中的词汇表征以及这些表征的编码和检索过程。大多数理论认为，语音波形被转换成音素串，然后与心理词汇进行比较。当比较产生匹配时，单词就被“识别”了。这种典型的观点强调单词的抽象属性：包含特殊信息（例如，说话人的声音，环境噪声）的语音信号被归一化为规范形式，然后与抽象的词汇条目相匹配。很少有理论认为语言的特质不仅仅是信号中的“噪音”。然而，情景记忆模型假设感知经验的细节不会被遗忘；相反，它们是后来感知的组成部分。本研究通过言语感知、记忆和生产实验，结合模型模拟，进一步验证情景观点。在项目1中，知觉和记忆实验将测试控制情景内容的因素，考察选择性注意和工作记忆的作用。这些实验将评估痕迹形成中感知-概念权衡的性质和程度。在项目2中，多维尺度实验与记忆测试相结合，目的是发现情景词启动的相似-距离函数。项目3提供了一个情节视图的关键测试，使用眼动追踪程序来评估知觉中情节效应的时间进程。项目4的实验将使用完整的句子作为刺激，检查更大的情景单元的记忆。除了标准测试，句子记忆也将使用一种新的语音生成方法来评估，检查口语反应的声学-语音内容。在之前的研究中，我们期望人们自发地模仿刺激句的声音模式。情景理论预测，模仿程度将受到句子的“抽象”特征的影响，例如语义复杂性，这表明语音声学反映了语言刺激及其情景表征的复杂相互作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research investigates lexical representations in long-term memory and the processes that both encode and retrieve those representations. Most theories assume that speech waveforms are converted to phoneme strings, which are then compared to the mental lexicon. When comparisons yield matches, words are "recognized." This typical view emphasizes the abstract properties of words: Speech signals containing idiosyncratic information (e.g., speaker's voice, ambient noise) are normalized into a canonical form, then matched to abstract lexical entries. Few theories consider idiosyncrasies of speech as more than "noise" in the signal. However, episodic memory models posits that details of perceptual experiences are not forgotten; instead, they are integral to later perception. The proposed research further tests the episodic view, using speech perception, memory, and production experiments, coupled with model simulations. In Project 1, perception and memory experiments will test factors governing episodic content, examining roles of selective attention and working memory. The experiments will assess the nature and extent of perceptual-conceptual tradeoffs in trace formation. In Project 2, multidimensional scaling experiments are coupled with memory tests, with a goal of discovering the similarity-distance function in episodic word priming. Project 3 provides a critical test of the episodic view, using eye-tracking procedures to assess the timecourse of episodic effects in perception. The experiments in Project 4 will examine memory for larger episodic units, using full sentences as stimuli. In addition to standard tests, sentence memory will also be assessed using a novel speech-production method, examining the acoustic-phonetic content of spoken responses. As in previous research, we expect people to spontaneously imitate acoustic patterns of the stimulus sentences. The episodic theory predicts that degrees of imitation will be affected by "abstract" characteristics of the sentences, such as semantic complexity, suggesting that speech acoustics reflect a complex interplay of linguistic stimuli and their episodic representations.