Speech Perception and Memory in an Episodic Lexicon

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究调查长期记忆中的词汇表征以及编码和提取这些表征的过程。大多数理论假设语音波形被转换为音素串，然后将其与心理词典进行比较。当比较产生匹配时，单词被“识别”。“这种典型的观点强调了单词的抽象属性：包含特殊信息的语音信号（例如，说话者声音、环境噪声）被标准化为规范形式，然后与抽象词汇条目相匹配。很少有理论认为语音的特质不仅仅是信号中的“噪音”。然而，情景记忆模型认为感知体验的细节不会被遗忘;相反，它们是后来感知的组成部分。拟议的研究进一步测试的情景视图，使用语音感知，记忆和生产实验，再加上模型模拟。在项目1中，感知和记忆实验将测试控制情节内容的因素，检查选择性注意和工作记忆的作用。这些实验将评估痕迹形成中感知-概念权衡的性质和程度。项目二采用多维尺度实验和记忆测验相结合的方法，旨在探索情景词启动中的相似距离功能。项目3提供了一个关键的测试的情景视图，使用眼动追踪程序，以评估感知的情景效应的时间过程。项目4中的实验将使用完整的句子作为刺激来检查较大情节单元的记忆。除了标准测试，句子记忆也将使用一种新的语音产生方法进行评估，检查口语反应的声学语音内容。在以前的研究中，我们希望人们自发地模仿刺激句子的声学模式。情景理论预测模仿的程度会受到句子的“抽象”特征（如语义复杂性）的影响，这表明语音声学反映了语言刺激及其情景表征的复杂相互作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research investigates lexical representations in long-term memory and the processes that both encode and retrieve those representations. Most theories assume that speech waveforms are converted to phoneme strings, which are then compared to the mental lexicon. When comparisons yield matches, words are "recognized." This typical view emphasizes the abstract properties of words: Speech signals containing idiosyncratic information (e.g., speaker's voice, ambient noise) are normalized into a canonical form, then matched to abstract lexical entries. Few theories consider idiosyncrasies of speech as more than "noise" in the signal. However, episodic memory models posits that details of perceptual experiences are not forgotten; instead, they are integral to later perception. The proposed research further tests the episodic view, using speech perception, memory, and production experiments, coupled with model simulations. In Project 1, perception and memory experiments will test factors governing episodic content, examining roles of selective attention and working memory. The experiments will assess the nature and extent of perceptual-conceptual tradeoffs in trace formation. In Project 2, multidimensional scaling experiments are coupled with memory tests, with a goal of discovering the similarity-distance function in episodic word priming. Project 3 provides a critical test of the episodic view, using eye-tracking procedures to assess the timecourse of episodic effects in perception. The experiments in Project 4 will examine memory for larger episodic units, using full sentences as stimuli. In addition to standard tests, sentence memory will also be assessed using a novel speech-production method, examining the acoustic-phonetic content of spoken responses. As in previous research, we expect people to spontaneously imitate acoustic patterns of the stimulus sentences. The episodic theory predicts that degrees of imitation will be affected by "abstract" characteristics of the sentences, such as semantic complexity, suggesting that speech acoustics reflect a complex interplay of linguistic stimuli and their episodic representations.