Cerebro-Olivocerebellar Interactions in Motor Control

描述：(申请人提供) 动作的产生是神经系统的一项基本功能。它 是通过一个称为马达控制的过程来完成的，该过程涉及到相互作用 由多个大脑区域组成。这个过程的结果是产生了运动指令 编码适当的肌肉组合及其激活的时间 用于执行复杂的运动序列。这一提议的实验 我将研究两个关键的运动系统(运动皮质和 橄榄小脑系统)在这些运动指令的产生中起作用。这个 橄榄小脑系统产生节律同步的能力 放电提示它的功能是及时结合不同的肌肉 参与制作复杂动作序列的群体。事实上，对 劣质橄榄会产生运动障碍，其特征是 肌肉定时激活。为了研究运动皮质和大脑皮质之间的相互作用 橄榄球小脑系统在运动控制胡须运动时会被诱发 运动皮质刺激及橄榄小脑活动对脑电活动的影响 诱发的运动将被确定。胡须移动将被记录下来 使用高速录像带系统。将监测奥利弗小脑的活动 用多个电极记录浦肯野的复合棘波(CS)活动 细胞，橄榄球小脑系统的主要靶点。多电极 通过记录可以确定同步CS的空间模式 活动。第一个目标是研究CS对运动的反应 大脑皮层活动是由下位者的振荡特性决定的 橄榄核神经元。第二个目标将是检验这一假设 橄榄小脑系统门的周期性同步放电效能皮质活动由下位者的振荡特性决定 橄榄核神经元。第二个目标将是检验这一假设 橄榄小脑系统周期性同步放电的疗效 运动皮质活动来产生动作。也就是说，为了检验这样一种想法 橄榄小脑活动的节律性使其发挥了 用于及时组织电机输出的内部时钟。第三个目标将是 确定这些系统之间相互作用的主要大脑部位 发生。最后，同步模式是否发生变化的问题 橄榄小脑系统放电导致脑电活动模式的改变 不同肌肉的耦合将被解决。总而言之，这些实验 应该有助于确定橄榄小脑系统在运动控制中的作用 以及小脑损伤导致运动协调的原因 赤字。它们代表着朝着更广泛的理解目标迈出的一步 运动控制中的大脑-小脑相互作用。

DESCRIPTION:(provided by applicant) The generation of movements is a fundamental function of the nervous system. It is accomplished by a process, termed motor control, involving the interaction of multiple brain regions. The result of this process is motor commands that encode the appropriate muscle combinations and the timing of their activation for carrying out complex movement sequences. The experiments of this proposal will investigate the interaction of two key motor systems (the motor cortex and the olivocerebellar system) in the generation of these motor commands. The ability of the olivocerebellar system to generate rhythmic synchronous discharges suggests that its function is to bind in time the different muscle groups involved in making complex movement sequences. Indeed, damage to the inferior olive produces motor deficits characterized by the loss of precisely timed muscle activation. To investigate the interaction of the motor cortex and olivocerebellar system in motor control whisker movements will be evoked by motor cortex stimuli, and the influence of olivocerebellar activity on the evoked movements will be determined. The whisker movements will be recorded using a high speed videotape system. Olivocerebellar activity will be monitored with multiple electrode recordings of complex spike (CS) activity from Purkinje cells, the main target of the olivocerebellar system. Multiple electrode recordings allow determination of the spatial patterns of synchronous CS activity. The first goal will be to investigate how CS responses to motor cortical activity are shaped by the oscillatory properties of the inferior olivary neurons. The second goal will be to test the hypothesis that the periodic synchronous discharges of the olivocerebellar system gate the efficacy cortical activity are shaped by the oscillatory properties of the inferior olivary neurons. The second goal will be to test the hypothesis that the periodic synchronous discharges of the olivocerebellar system gate the efficacy of motor cortex activity to generate movements. That is, to test the idea that the rhythmic nature of olivocerebellar activity allows it to function as a internal clock for organizing motor outputs in time. The third goal will be to determine the major brain sites where the interactions between these systems occur. Finally the question of whether changes in the patterns of synchronous discharge of the olivocerebellar system result in changes in the pattern of coupling of different muscles will be addressed. In sum, these experiments should help define the role of the olivocerebellar system in motor control as well as the reasons why cerebellar damage results in motor coordination deficits. They represent a step toward the more general goal of understanding cerebro-cerebellar interactions in motor control.