Understanding the basis of stomatal adaptation to increased atmospheric CO2

过去30年的研究，主要是对拟南芥的研究，意味着我们对拟南芥气孔对大气二氧化碳（e[CO2]）的短期响应有了更多的了解。相比之下，我们对谷物长期气孔适应e[CO2]生长的分子和生理基础知之甚少。在预计未来30年二氧化碳将增加的环境变化背景下，特别是在培育能够在可持续种植的同时保持和提高产量的抗灾作物方面，这显然是重要的。为了了解中期和长期气孔适应e[CO2]生长的基础，我们将利用爱德华兹实验室开发的一种独特资源。这是一个经ems诱变的快速循环矮小麦品种Apogee。这个品种每年可以种植三代，因为它是一个矮子，它可以在受控的环境室中生长。我们将利用这一种群开展一项基于热成像的遗传筛选，以识别那些未能表现出适应e[CO2]的气孔行为的个体。这个筛选的结果将是一个突变体的集合，将被分析遗传和表型。鉴定出的性状和基因将提供给CIMMYT的Reynolds博士运行的生理育种项目。第二部分工作将继续我们最近在拟南芥中所做的证明，即气孔CO2（和相对湿度）响应依赖于植物激素脱落酸（Chater et al(2015)）。气孔中升高的CO2诱导的响应需要ABA和ABA信号。当代生物，25,2709-2716.)。我们将使用突变体和化学干预来调查小麦和大麦是否也是如此。

Research over the previous 30 years, primarily in Arabidopsis, means that we know much about the short-term response of Arabidopsis stomata to atmospheric carbon dioxide (e[CO2]). In contrast, we know little about the molecular and physiological basis of long-term stomatal adaptation to growth at e[CO2] in cereals. This is clearly important in the context of environmental change where e[CO2] is predicted to increase in the next 30 years and especially in breeding resilient crops capable of maintaining and improving yields while being grown sustainably. To understand the basis of medium and long-term stomatal adaptation to growth at e[CO2] we shall exploit a unique resource developed by the Edwards lab. This is an EMS-mutagenised population of the rapid cycling dwarf wheat variety known as Apogee. Three generations of this variety can be grown per year and, as it is a dwarf, it can be grown in controlled environment chambers. We will carry out a thermal imaging-based genetic screen using this population to identify individuals that fail to show adapted stomatal behaviour in response to e[CO2]. The result of this screen will be a collection of mutants that will be analysed both genetically and phenotypically. The traits and genes identified will feed i to the physiological breeding programmes run by Dr Reynolds at CIMMYT. The second strand of the work will follow up our recent demonstration, in Arabidopsis, that stomatal CO2 (and relative humidity) responses are dependent on the plant hormone abscisic acid (Chater et al (2015) ElevatedCO2-induced responses in stomata require ABA and ABA signalling. Current Biology 25, 2709-2716.). We will investigate whether this is also true in wheat and barley using mutants and chemical intervention.