REGULATION OF AROUSAL & ATTENTION IN CONDITIONS OF ENVIRONMENT & BIOLOGICAL RISKS

该项目中的研究涉及非常年轻的婴幼儿。 由于以下原因，发育迟缓和精神病理的风险很高 她们在孕期和产后暴露于危险因素。 具体地说，我们将重点介绍 孕期药物暴露和成长对神经生物学的侮辱 高风险环境。孕妇使用可卡因(通常在#年) 与酒精和其他药物的结合)在 在过去的五年里，越来越多的胎儿被暴露在病毒中。现在有很多报道 记录接触可卡因的神经生理学表现 紧随其后的新生儿期，但关于 这些儿童的神经心理发育情况第一次达到 两个月没有关于注意力调节和严格定义的研究 学龄前儿童发展的几个方面。神经- 可卡因对动物和成人的药理作用 描述注意障碍的临床报告表现为 学龄前儿童建议产前服用可卡因，建议婴儿 在子宫内暴露于可卡因可能面临持续的各种风险 中枢神经系统功能障碍。本项目的研究是基于 一项从出生到60个月的严格的纵向调查 在宫内接触可卡因的儿童。这项研究着眼于长期 对注意调节和觉醒、认知状态的影响 发展和适应行为。婴幼儿产前检查 接触可卡因与母亲是可卡因的孩子相比- 免费，这两组人在3、6、12、18和24个月时都可以看到，每隔 6个月，从30个月到60个月。在这些时候，重复采取措施 四个变量(唤醒调节能力、调节 注意状态、一般发展能力与适应性 行为)。此外，由于母亲的贡献， 行为对儿童注意、心理互动的调节作用 并在每个时间点对孩子进行检查。这项研究具有重要的意义 应用于理解注意力和唤醒障碍是如何 规则影响认知表现、适应行为和社交 学龄前儿童的互动。本项目的重点是 中国的神经生物脆弱性和环境相互作用领域 发育障碍与本研究中的其他项目密切相关。 计划项目。该项目还为 国家高度关注的领域，神经生物学和环境 与吸毒儿童的发育有关的因素。

The studies in this Project concern infants and young children at very high risk for developmental retardation and psychopathology because of their exposure to risk factors during gestation and postnatally. Specifically, we will focus on the interaction between the neurobiological insult of gestational drug exposure and growing up in high risk environments. The use of cocaine by pregnant women (often in combination with alcohol and other drugs) has increased rapidly in the last five years and more fetuses are being exposed. Many reports now document the neurophysiological manifestations of cocaine exposure in the immediate neonatal period, but there is little information about the neuropsychological development of these children after the first one to two months and no studies of attention regulation and rigorously defined aspects of development in preschool aged children. The neuro- pharmacological effects of cocaine in animals and adults, as well as clinical reports describing attentional impairments exhibited by preschool children proposed to cocaine prenatally, suggest that infants exposed to cocaine in utero may be at continuing and various risk for central nervous system dysfunction. The studies in this Project are based on a rigorous, longitudinal investigation from birth to 60 months of children exposed to cocaine in utero. The study focuses on the long-term effects on the regulation of attention and states of arousal, cognitive development, and adaptive behavior. Infants and young children prenatally exposed to cocaine are compared to children whose mothers are cocaine- free and both groups are seen at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and every 6 months from 30 to 60 months. At these times, repeated measures are done of four variables (arousal regulatory capacities, regulation of attentional states, general developmental competency and adaptive behavior). Additionally, because of the contributions of maternal behavior to children's regulation of attention, mental interactions with the child and examined at each time point. This study has important applications for understanding how impairments in attention and arousal regulation impact cognitive performance, adaptive behavior, and social interaction in the preschool aged child. The emphasis of this Project Area on neurobiological vulnerability and environmental interaction in developmental disorders is closely related to the other Projects in this Program Project. This Project also makes an important contribution to an area of high national concern, the neurobiological and environmental factors involved in the development of children exposed to drugs.