Arousal and Attention Regulation in High Risk Children

这个项目建立在从以前的资助中获得的知识基础上，通过扩展我们关于早期唤醒和关注的重要性的假设。它包括增加新的研究领域和风险人群的子项目， 并纵向扩展到学龄儿童。研究包括新生儿期的婴儿和儿童。 从婴儿期到学龄前，一直到学龄儿童。该设计是一项前瞻性的纵向研究，共有三项 队列：(1)新招募的婴儿(n=330)，从出生到34个月；以及2个以前招募的队列 婴儿(2)275例，年龄34-60个月；(3)60-96个月150例。充分开发 觉醒和注意力似乎是正常自我调节发育的必要条件，而 自动监管将产生深远的影响，在运动、沟通和语言方面产生问题，执行 功能和认知组织。在我们以前工作的基础上，唤醒与注意的关系在早期 婴儿期受到急性中枢神经系统损伤和神经毒性等危险条件的系统性和差异性干扰。 子宫内的慢性压力和遗传因素可能会导致类似的破坏。这些中断是如何以及何时发生的 以及可塑性如何影响恢复，对早期婴儿期以外的发育都有影响， 这取决于影响的性质、时间和持续时间。学习觉醒、注意力和自动调节，以及如何 这些过程受到不同的出生前和出生后风险状况的影响，这是理解广泛的 一系列生物行为过程及其发展，具有重要的理论和实践意义 纪律。我们提出了一个由三个子项目和两个核心单位组成的方案研究项目。 这些子项目研究唤醒和注意力调节的发展，与一、运动活动的调节、二。 社会关注和沟通，以及III.执行职能。这项研究得到了一个管理核心的支持， 这包括受试者招募和维护、医疗和研究数据协调以及统计分析，以及 一个测试核心。方案活动被整合到一个连贯和交互的框架中。通过检查发现 在各个子项目之间的相互关系中，我们的主要目标是生成更丰富和更准确的 对两种典型的唤醒和注意过程发展机制的理解 对于发育中的儿童和那些有不良结局风险的人。这将有助于我们实现长期的实际目标 阐明高危婴儿和儿童自我调节问题的行为后遗症。

This Program Project builds on knowledge gained from previous funded grants by expanding our hypotheses about the importance of early arousal and attention. It includes Subprojects that add new areas of study and risk populations, as well as extends longitudinally to school-age children. Studies include infants and children from the neonatal period through infancy, and pre-school years, up to early school-age. The design is a prospective longitudinal study of three cohorts: (1) newly recruited infants (n = 330) followed from birth to 34 months; and 2 cohorts of previously recruited infants (2) 275 followed from 34-60 months and (3) 150 children from 60 to 96 months. Adequate development of arousal and attention appears to be a necessary condition underlying normal autoregulatory development, and deficits in autoregulation will have far-reaching effects, producing problems in motor, communication and language, executive function, and cognitive organization. Based on our previous work, the relation between arousal and attention in early infancy is disrupted in systematic and differential ways by risk conditions such as acute CNS injury and neurotoxicity. Similar disruption might be expected by chronic stress in utero and genetic factors. How and when these disruptions take place, and how plasticity affects recovery, have implications for development well beyond the early infancy period, depending on the nature, timing and duration of the influence. Studying arousal, attention, and autoregulation, and how these processes are affected by different pre- and postnatal risk conditions, is fundamental to understanding a broad array of biobehavioral processes and their development, and is of major theoretical and practical importance to multiple disciplines. We propose a Project of programmatic research that is comprised of three Subprojects and two Core units. The Subprojects study development of arousal and attention regulation related to I. Modulation of motor activity, II. Social attention and communication, and III. Executive function. The research is supported by an Administration Core, that includes subject recruitment and maintenance, medical and research data coordination, and statistical analysis, and a Testing Core. Program activities are integrated into a coherent and interactive framework. By examining the findings of individual Subprojects in relation to each other, our major goal is to generate a far richer and more accurate understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of arousal and attention processes in both typically developing children and in those at risk for poor outcome. This will help us reach our long-term practical goal to elucidate behavioral sequelae of autoregulatory problems in high-risk infants and children.