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Impacts of climate change on the vulnerability of Inuit Arctic food systems

气候变化对因纽特人北极粮食系统脆弱性的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1948646
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1948646
关键词：
Impacts climate change vulnerability Inuit

项目摘要

This project aims to identify and characterise the causal factors determining present-day and potentialfuture vulnerability to food insecurity as a result of climate change in regional Inuit centres. Variousexposure-sensitivities, both climatic and anthropogenic, will be examined through the followingobjectives: -a) Develop novel approaches to better understand and qualify food insecurity, and its root causes, throughthe application of a 'contextual vulnerability' approach (O'Brien et al., 2007; Clark et al., 2016).b) Understand and characterize the influence of climatic and non-climatic vulnerability to food insecurityat a regional Inuit population centre (e.g. Rankin Inlet), and the positive feedback mechanisms, if any,that may result.c) Examine the potential future vulnerability and adaptive capacity of communities to future climatechange impacts on food security, drawing upon objectives a) and b), and integrating climate scenariosd) Identify and examine opportunities for adaptation to moderate the effects of climate change impacts onfood securityMethodology:Key vulnerabilities against which food security will be assessed include age, gender, income, socialcapital, level of dependence upon traditional methods (i.e. hunting, foraging, fishing), indigenousknowledge, and wage-based economy. In order to collect data in these areas, this project proposes thefollowing methods:1. Systematic review of published literature (peer reviewed, grey) to identify and characterize thestate of knowledge on food insecurity for indigenous populations across the circumpolar north,with particular attention to the role of climatic factors.2. Construct a questionnaire framework, augmented by individual interviews, which will examinethe prevalence of key exposure-sensitivities and their respective impact upon food insecurity,and document and characterize various factors affecting food systems. Sample size is intendedto account for a minimum 7% of the total population - aiming for at least 300 subjects - andsurvey a range of demographics, broken down on age, gender, income and social capital.3. Implement participatory scenario planning at community-scale stakeholder workshops, withglobal circulation models (GCM) informing the creation of scenarios, to develop a greaterunderstanding of decision-making networks and localised adaptive capacity within theindigenous population centres.In developing increasingly complex and multi-faceted relationships between natural and anthropogenicenvironments, courtesy of an ever-more uncertain climatic future, there has never been a more criticalneed to understand the scope of forthcoming obstacles to social, political and economic resilience inCanada's Far North (Arctic Council, 2016). Despite national, regional and local strategies to combat foodinsecurity and assess the fragility of natural and anthropogenic food systems across the Arctic andSubarctic, many communities are subject to progressively increasing risk (NFSC, 2016). As of 2016, 69%of a total population of 37,315 in Nunavut territory were classified as food insecure - a value 61% greaterthan the remainder of the nation (NFSC, 2016; NBS, 2016). In spite of this, research into this disparityhas been limited as compared with other areas of the world, and has primarily focused upon smaller, moreisolated Nunavut communities (Ford, 2009; Prno et al., 2011). Few papers have examined the key factorsthat may affect rates of food security, and therefore health, in larger, more populous Arctic/Subarcticsettlements, or gone so far as to hypothesise the future implications of current climate change scenarioson food security. In order to effectively encourage and sustain resilienceand adaptive capacity over food scarcity across the entire range of social and demographic elementswithin the polar and sub-polar regions, addressing this research gap is of critical importance.

该项目旨在确定和描述决定因纽特地区中心地区当前和未来因气候变化而面临粮食不安全脆弱性的因素。将通过以下目标审查各种气候和人为的暴露敏感性： -a) 通过应用“背景脆弱性”方法，开发新的方法来更好地理解和界定粮食不安全及其根本原因（O'Brien 等人，2007 年；Clark 等人，2016 年）。b) 理解并描述气候和非气候脆弱性对粮食不安全的影响区域因纽特人人口中心（例如兰金因莱特），以及可能产生的积极反馈机制（如果有的话）。 c) 根据目标 a) 和 b)，并综合气候情景，检查社区对未来气候变化对粮食安全影响的潜在脆弱性和适应能力 d) 确定和审查适应机会，以减轻气候变化对粮食安全的影响方法：粮食安全应对的关键脆弱性将评估的内容包括年龄、性别、收入、社会资本、对传统方法（即狩猎、觅食、捕鱼）的依赖程度、土著知识和工资经济。为了收集这些领域的数据，本项目提出以下方法： 1．对已发表的文献进行系统审查（同行评审，灰色），以确定和描述环极地北部土著居民粮食不安全的知识状况，特别关注气候因素的作用。2．构建一个问卷框架，并通过个人访谈进行补充，该框架将审查关键暴露敏感性的普遍程度及其各自对粮食不安全的影响，并记录和描述影响粮食系统的各种因素。样本量至少占总人口的 7%，目标是至少 300 名受试者，并对一系列人口统计数据进行调查，按年龄、性别、收入和社会资本进行细分。3．在社区规模的利益相关者研讨会上实施参与式情景规划，利用全球循环模型（GCM）为情景创建提供信息，以更好地了解土著人口中心内的决策网络和本地化适应能力。更重要的是需要了解加拿大远北地区即将面临的社会、政治和经济复原力障碍的范围（北极理事会，2016 年）。尽管国家、区域和地方制定了应对粮食不安全问题并评估北极和亚北极自然和人为粮食系统脆弱性的战略，但许多社区面临的风险逐渐增加（NFSC，2016）。截至 2016 年，努勒维特地区总人口 37,315 人中，有 69% 的人口处于粮食不安全状态，这一数字比全国其他地区高出 61%（NFSC，2016；NBS，2016）。尽管如此，与世界其他地区相比，对这种差异的研究仍然有限，并且主要集中在较小、更加孤立的努纳武特社区（Ford，2009；Prno 等，2011）。很少有论文研究了可能影响粮食安全率的关键因素，从而影响更大、人口更多的北极/亚北极定居点的健康，或者甚至假设当前气候变化情景对粮食安全的未来影响。为了有效地鼓励和维持极地和次极地地区整个社会和人口因素对粮食短缺的恢复力和适应能力，解决这一研究空白至关重要。