Ecology, genetics and physiology of insect vectors

昆虫媒介的生态学、遗传学和生理学

• 批准号: 6541352
• 负责人: ELLIOT Scoville KRAFSUR
• 金额: $ 17.27万
• 依托单位: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-30 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6541352
• 关键词: Africa; Diptera; Trypanosoma; arthropod genetics; disease vectors; environmental adaptation; geographic site; information systems; physiology; trypanosomiasis

DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): Tsetse flies, Glossina spp., are obligate blood feeders and the vectors in Africa of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in people and 'nagana' in cattle. More than 60 million people are at risk from human sleeping sickness and severe epidemics occur in many parts of Africa. Animal trypanosomiasis prevents the use of domestic animals for agriculture in c.1 1.5 million km2 of sub-Sahara Africa, thus representing an enormous barrier to agricultural and economic development. The distribution of tsetse arises from interactions among historic events, tsetse dispersal capacity, natural barriers to dispersal, host distributions, climate, and adaptation to prevailing conditions. Among these factors, it was shown that tsetse distribution and abundance are most strongly correlated with temperature and saturation deficit. Moreover, most tsetse fly populations were shown to be strongly differentiated genetically. Because of these preliminary data and because tsetse populations are distributed discontinuously, the likelihood exists of genetic adaptation to local conditions. Do tsetse responses to temperature and water stress correspond to environmental variation in temperature and saturation deficit? Does genetic differentiation among populations correspond with differential responses of populations to temperature and water stress? It is important to answer these and related questions to deploy effectively area-wide control measures such as the sterile insect technique. We now propose to combine molecular techniques, physiological measurements, satellite data and ecological theory to address key questions about the genetics, physiology and geographical distribution of G. morsitans centralis, G. m. morsitans, and G. pallidipes in East and southern Africa. By adopting an integrated approach to understanding the distribution of tsetse in these regions, we shall achieve a comprehensive picture of tsetse fly adaptation to its environment, rates of gene flow (hence dispersal), and predictive models of distribution and abundance.

描述（由申请人提供）：采采蝇（Glossina spp.）是专性吸血者，也是非洲锥虫的传播媒介，可导致人类昏睡病和牛的“纳加那病”。超过6000万人面临人类昏睡病的危险，非洲许多地区出现严重的流行病。动物锥虫病导致撒哈拉以南非洲约 150 万平方公里的地区无法使用家畜进行农业生产，从而对农业和经济发展构成了巨大障碍。采采蝇的分布源于历史事件、采采蝇传播能力、传播的自然障碍、寄主分布、气候和对普遍条件的适应之间的相互作用。在这些因素中，结果表明采采蝇的分布和丰度与温度和饱和度赤字的相关性最强。此外，大多数采采蝇种群在遗传上表现出强烈的分化。由于这些初步数据，并且由于采采蝇种群分布不连续，因此存在遗传适应当地条件的可能性。采采蝇对温度和水分胁迫的反应是否与温度和饱和度赤字的环境变化相对应？种群间的遗传分化是否与种群对温度和水分胁迫的不同反应相对应？回答这些及相关问题对于有效部署昆虫不育技术等全区域控制措施非常重要。我们现在建议结合分子技术、生理测量、卫星数据和生态理论来解决有关 G. morsitanscentralis、G. m. 的遗传学、生理学和地理分布的关键问题。东部和南部非洲的 morsitans 和 G. pallidipes。通过采用综合方法来了解采采蝇在这些地区的分布，我们将全面了解采采蝇对其环境的适应、基因流速率（因此扩散）以及分布和丰度的预测模型。