Ecology, genetics and physiology of insect vectors

昆虫媒介的生态学、遗传学和生理学

• 批准号: 6732745
• 负责人: ELLIOT Scoville KRAFSUR
• 金额: $ 28.37万
• 依托单位: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-30 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6732745
• 关键词: Africa; Diptera; Trypanosoma; arthropod genetics; disease vectors; environmental adaptation; geographic site; information systems; physiology; trypanosomiasis

DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): Tsetse flies, Glossina spp., are obligate blood feeders and the vectors in Africa of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in people and 'nagana' in cattle. More than 60 million people are at risk from human sleeping sickness and severe epidemics occur in many parts of Africa. Animal trypanosomiasis prevents the use of domestic animals for agriculture in c.1 1.5 million km2 of sub-Sahara Africa, thus representing an enormous barrier to agricultural and economic development. The distribution of tsetse arises from interactions among historic events, tsetse dispersal capacity, natural barriers to dispersal, host distributions, climate, and adaptation to prevailing conditions. Among these factors, it was shown that tsetse distribution and abundance are most strongly correlated with temperature and saturation deficit. Moreover, most tsetse fly populations were shown to be strongly differentiated genetically. Because of these preliminary data and because tsetse populations are distributed discontinuously, the likelihood exists of genetic adaptation to local conditions. Do tsetse responses to temperature and water stress correspond to environmental variation in temperature and saturation deficit? Does genetic differentiation among populations correspond with differential responses of populations to temperature and water stress? It is important to answer these and related questions to deploy effectively area-wide control measures such as the sterile insect technique. We now propose to combine molecular techniques, physiological measurements, satellite data and ecological theory to address key questions about the genetics, physiology and geographical distribution of G. morsitans centralis, G. m. morsitans, and G. pallidipes in East and southern Africa. By adopting an integrated approach to understanding the distribution of tsetse in these regions, we shall achieve a comprehensive picture of tsetse fly adaptation to its environment, rates of gene flow (hence dispersal), and predictive models of distribution and abundance.

性状（由申请方提供）：采采蝇，舌蝇属，是专性吸血者，也是非洲锥虫的载体，锥虫在人中引起昏睡病，在牛中引起“长虫病”。超过6 000万人面临人类昏睡病的危险，非洲许多地区发生严重的流行病。在撒哈拉以南非洲约150万平方公里的地区，动物锥虫阻止了家畜用于农业，从而对农业和经济发展构成了巨大障碍。采采蝇的分布是由历史事件、采采蝇的扩散能力、扩散的自然障碍、寄主分布、气候和对流行条件的适应等因素相互作用的结果。在这些因素中，表明舌蝇的分布和丰度与温度和饱和亏损的相关性最强。此外，大多数舌蝇种群的遗传差异很大。由于这些初步的数据和采采蝇种群的分布是不连续的，存在着遗传适应当地条件的可能性。采采蝇对温度和水分胁迫的反应是否与温度和饱和亏缺的环境变化相对应？种群间的遗传分化是否与种群对温度和水分胁迫的不同反应相对应？回答这些问题和相关问题对于有效地部署诸如昆虫不育技术之类的区域性防治措施至关重要。本研究拟将联合收割机技术、生理测定、卫星数据和生态学理论相结合，对G. morsitans centralis、中齿隐翅虫G. M. morsitans和G.产于非洲东部和南部。通过采用综合的方法来了解采采蝇在这些地区的分布，我们将实现采采蝇适应其环境，基因流（因此扩散）的速率，分布和丰度的预测模型的全面了解。