Psychobiology of Parenting and Development

描述（由申请人提供）：母亲虐待的自然发生 群居猴子的后代可能是最接近于 非人类动物提供的虐待儿童行为。虐待猴子的婴儿 提供了一个机会，系统地研究长期的 这种不良经历的发展后果在一个相对较短的 一段时间，并与侵入性测量，将难以使用， 人类这个为期5年的项目有两个主要目标：调查相对于 遗传和经验变量在代际关系中的作用 在恒河猴中传播婴儿虐待，并纵向 调查父母虐待对社会发展的后果， 对压力的生物行为反应具体目标包括：（1）调查 母猴的母性行为及其神经生物学相关性， 在出生时在虐待和非虐待母亲之间交叉抚养;（2） 调查了15名受虐待和15名未受虐待的婴儿的社会发展， （3）研究对压力的行为反应， 应激敏感神经内分泌和神经化学系统活动 受虐待和未受虐待的婴儿在5年内，包括活动 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（FJPA）轴和脑脊液 几种单胺、肽或其代谢物的液体浓度 在基础条件下和压力挑战之后;（4）调查 虐待和非虐待个体的几个脑区的神经解剖学， 3岁和4岁，进行结构磁共振成像（MRI）研究; (5)研究相关激素和神经递质的基因表达 在HPA轴活动和激素受体结合在脑中的5滥用和 5岁时未受虐待的5人。这项研究将提供重要 关于虐待婴儿传播机制的新资料 几代猴子之间的关系。这项研究还将产生大量的 行为神经内分泌和神经解剖学的信息 受虐待和未受虐待的人的发展。此类信息可 大大提高了我们对机制的理解， 暴露于虐待性的父母或其他创伤性经历导致 发展性精神病理学最后，这项研究还可以阐明 脆弱性或复原力的个体差异的机制 早期虐待的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The natural occurrence of maternal abuse of offspring in group-living monkeys is probably the closest approximation to child maltreatment provided by nonhuman animals. Infant abuse in monkeys provides the opportunity to systematically investigate the long-term developmental consequences of this adverse experience in a relatively short period of time and with invasive measurements that would be difficult to use in humans. This 5-year project has two main aims: to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and experiential variables in the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse in rhesus monkeys, and to longitudinally investigate the consequences of abusive parenting for social development, and biobehavioral reactivity to stress. Specific aims include: (1) to investigate maternal behavior and its neurobiological correlates among female monkeys that were cross-fostered at birth between abusive and nonabusive mothers; (2) to investigate the social development of 15 abused and 15 nonabused infants from birth to adulthood, (3) to investigate the behavioral reactivity to stress and the activity of stress sensitive neuroendocrine and neurochemical systems in abused and nonabused infants over a period of 5 years, including the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (FJPA) axis and the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of several monoamines, peptides, or their metabolites under basal conditions and following stressful challenges; (4) to investigate the neuroanatomy of several brain areas in abused and nonabused individuals at 3 and 4 years of age with structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies; (5) to investigate gene expression for hormones and neurotransmitters involved in HPA axis activity and hormone receptor binding in the brain of 5 abused and 5 nonabused individuals at 5 years of age. This research will provide important new information about the mechanisms through which infant abuse is transmitted across generations in monkeys. This research will also produce a large amount of information on the behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neuroanatomical development of abused and nonabused individuals. Such information could significantly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which early exposure to abusive parenting or other traumatic experiences result in developmental psychopathologies. Finally, this research could also elucidate the mechanisms underlying individual differences in vulnerability or resilience to the effects of early abuse.