How location information is maintained in memory

位置信息如何在内存中保存

• 批准号: 6467619
• 负责人: JOHN P SPENCER
• 金额: $ 11.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6467619
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); clinical research; form /pattern perception; human subject; mathematical model; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; short term memory; space perception; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To interact successfully with the local environment, people must maintain a "local map' of the locations of important nearby objects. This is one of the primary functions of spatial working memory. The majority of research investigating the characteristics of spatial working memory has focused on what people represent in memory. Although this is a fundamental question, the present study examines a different, but equally important question: how do people maintain location information in memory? This question is timely because recent studies have identified several brain regions that contribute to the maintenance of location information. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that elderly participants and patients suffering from Alzheimer's Disease show deficits when the characteristics of a visual stimulus must be maintained in working memory over a delay. Evidence from a variety of studies suggests that people rely on visible reference axes -- the edges of a table, the edges of a computer screen -- to help them remember the locations of target objects. Use of such perceptual information can help stabilize memory. Nevertheless, there is a cost -- memory is systematically distorted near reference axes. Specifically, when people are asked to reproduce the location of a hidden object, they exaggerate the distance between the reference axis and the actual location of the object. These memory errors are particularly informative because they increase in magnitude as memory delays increase. Thus, errors away from reference axes may provide a window into the second-to-second processes the serve to maintain location information in working memory. Fourteen experiments will test a mathematical model of how information is maintained in spatial working memory with both child and adult participants. The first eight experiments test specific predictions of the model. The final seven experiments examine the generality of the model to situations in which a reaching response is not required and to situations that place demands on spatial selective attention. When completed, the proposed project will provide the first formal theory of spatial working memory.

描述(申请者提供)：与当地人成功互动 环境方面，人们必须保持一张重要位置的“当地地图” 附近的物体。这是空间工作记忆的主要功能之一。 研究空间工作特点的大多数研究 记忆关注的是人在记忆中代表了什么。虽然这是一个 作为一个基本问题，本研究考察了一个不同但同样的问题 重要问题：人们如何在记忆中保存位置信息？这 这个问题是及时的，因为最近的研究发现了几个大脑区域 这有助于维护位置信息。此外， 研究表明，老年参与者和患有 阿尔茨海默病表现出缺陷时的一种视觉刺激特征 必须在工作记忆中保持一段时间的延迟。 来自各种研究的证据表明，人们依赖于可见的 参考轴--桌子的边缘，计算机屏幕的边缘--到 帮助他们记住目标物体的位置。利用这种感性认识 信息可以帮助稳定记忆。然而，这是有代价的--记忆 在参考轴附近有系统地扭曲。具体来说，当人们 当被要求再现隐藏物体的位置时，他们夸大了 参考轴与对象实际位置之间的距离。 这些内存错误特别具有信息性，因为它们在 大小随着内存延迟的增加而增加。因此，偏离参考轴的误差可能 提供一个窗口，了解要维护的发球的每秒进程 工作记忆中的位置信息。 14个实验将测试一个关于信息如何 在儿童和成人参与者的空间工作记忆中保持。 前八个实验测试了该模型的具体预测。决赛 七个实验检验了该模型对以下情况的一般性 不需要到达响应以及对提出要求的情况做出响应 空间选择性注意。项目完成后，拟议项目将提供 空间工作记忆的第一个形式理论。