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A Dynamic Neural Field Theory of Where-What Integration

何处-什么整合的动态神经场理论

基本信息

批准号：
8289625
负责人：
JOHN P SPENCER
金额：
$ 22.11万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-03-01 至 2014-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans are exceptionally good at remembering the layout of objects in a local workspace. The present proposal investigates the time-dependent processes that underlie this ability to quickly and flexibly form, maintain, and update such `cognitive maps'. A central challenge to understanding this ability is to understand how people integrate `where' with `what'. Neurophysiological evidence suggests a functional and anatomical segregation of the visual system into dorsal and ventral pathways that represent spatial location (`where') and object property information (`what'), respectively. Although a great deal of work has clarified the operation of these processing streams in isolation, much less is known about how spatial and non-spatial information is integrated. The goal of this grant is to develop and test a neurally- plausible theory of where-what integration. The research plan formalizes such a theory and tests specific predictions derived from its central concepts. Specific Aim 1 examines how people `bind' non-spatial features together to form object representations grounded in a world-centered spatial frame of reference. Specific Aim 2 examines the mechanisms that maintain object representations during short delays and detect changes in object features. Specific Aim 3 highlights the advantages of grounding `what' in `where': people can flexibly update working memory representations by coupling these representations to a real-time spatial system. Understanding the integration of `where' and `what' in a neurally-plausible way is critical for two reasons. First, there is compelling evidence that deficits in where-what integration underlie the behavior problems prevalent in several mental health disorders including ADHD, Williams Syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's/Dementia. Second, understanding the integration of dorsal and ventral pathways is a core requirement of any neurally-plausible theory that purports to link brain and behavior in an ecologically grounded way. Indeed, the real promise of our approach lies at the intersection of these themes: to develop a theory that can address both the behavioral and neural deficits that underlie specific mental health disorders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this grant is to develop and test a neural theory of how people integrate information about where objects are located with memory for what the objects are. Achieving this goal will have broad implications for our understanding of mental health because deficits in `where-what' integration underlie the behavior problems in several mental health disorders including ADHD, Williams Syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's/Dementia. Understanding the integration of `where' and `what' is also a core requirement of any theory that purports to link brain and behavior in an ecologically grounded way.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类非常善于记住本地工作空间中对象的布局。本建议调查的时间依赖性的过程，这种能力的基础，快速灵活地形成，维护和更新这样的“认知地图”。理解这种能力的一个核心挑战是理解人们如何将“在哪里”与“是什么”结合起来。神经生理学证据表明，视觉系统分为背侧和腹侧通路，分别代表空间位置（“在哪里”）和对象属性信息（“是什么”）的功能和解剖隔离。虽然大量的工作已经澄清了这些处理流的操作隔离，更少的是知道如何空间和非空间信息的集成。这项资助的目的是开发和测试一个在哪里什么整合的神经学上合理的理论。该研究计划正式确定了这样一个理论，并测试了从其中心概念得出的具体预测。具体目标1研究人们如何“绑定”非空间特征在一起，形成对象表征接地在一个世界为中心的空间参考框架。具体目标2检查在短延迟期间维持对象表示的机制，并检测对象特征的变化。具体目标3强调了将“什么”置于“哪里”的优势：人们可以通过将这些表征耦合到实时空间系统来灵活地更新工作记忆表征。理解“在哪里”和“什么”在一个神经上合理的方式整合是至关重要的，原因有二。首先，有令人信服的证据表明，缺陷在哪里什么整合的基础上流行的行为问题，在几个心理健康障碍，包括多动症，威廉姆斯综合征，精神分裂症，阿尔茨海默氏症/痴呆症。其次，理解背侧和腹侧通路的整合是任何声称以生态学为基础的方式将大脑和行为联系起来的神经学理论的核心要求。事实上，我们的方法的真实的希望在于这些主题的交叉点：发展一种理论，可以解决作为特定心理健康障碍基础的行为和神经缺陷。公共卫生关系：这项资助的目标是开发和测试一种神经理论，即人们如何将物体所在位置的信息与物体是什么的记忆整合在一起。实现这一目标将对我们理解心理健康产生广泛的影响，因为在“哪里-什么”整合中的缺陷是几种心理健康障碍的行为问题的基础，包括ADHD、威廉姆斯综合征、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默氏症/痴呆症。理解“在哪里”和“什么”的整合也是任何理论的核心要求，旨在以生态学为基础的方式将大脑和行为联系起来。