A Dynamic Neural Field Theory of Where-What Integration

何处-什么整合的动态神经场理论

• 批准号: 7676077
• 负责人: JOHN P SPENCER
• 金额: $ 22.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7676077
• 关键词: Address; Alzheimer' s Disease; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Binding; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Collection; Complex; Coupled; Coupling; Dementia; Dimensions; Dorsal; Goals; Grant; Human; Human Activities; Individual Differences; Infant; Link; Location; Maps; Memory; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Operative Surgical Procedures; Organism; Pathway interactions; Primates; Problem behavior; Process; Property; Research; Risk; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Spatial Behavior; Specific qualifier value; Stream; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Update; Visual; Visual system structure; Williams Syndrome; Work; brain behavior; flexibility; memory process; neural model; neurophysiology; novel; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; segregation; success; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans are exceptionally good at remembering the layout of objects in a local workspace. The present proposal investigates the time-dependent processes that underlie this ability to quickly and flexibly form, maintain, and update such `cognitive maps'. A central challenge to understanding this ability is to understand how people integrate `where' with `what'. Neurophysiological evidence suggests a functional and anatomical segregation of the visual system into dorsal and ventral pathways that represent spatial location (`where') and object property information (`what'), respectively. Although a great deal of work has clarified the operation of these processing streams in isolation, much less is known about how spatial and non-spatial information is integrated. The goal of this grant is to develop and test a neurally- plausible theory of where-what integration. The research plan formalizes such a theory and tests specific predictions derived from its central concepts. Specific Aim 1 examines how people `bind' non-spatial features together to form object representations grounded in a world-centered spatial frame of reference. Specific Aim 2 examines the mechanisms that maintain object representations during short delays and detect changes in object features. Specific Aim 3 highlights the advantages of grounding `what' in `where': people can flexibly update working memory representations by coupling these representations to a real-time spatial system. Understanding the integration of `where' and `what' in a neurally-plausible way is critical for two reasons. First, there is compelling evidence that deficits in where-what integration underlie the behavior problems prevalent in several mental health disorders including ADHD, Williams Syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's/Dementia. Second, understanding the integration of dorsal and ventral pathways is a core requirement of any neurally-plausible theory that purports to link brain and behavior in an ecologically grounded way. Indeed, the real promise of our approach lies at the intersection of these themes: to develop a theory that can address both the behavioral and neural deficits that underlie specific mental health disorders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this grant is to develop and test a neural theory of how people integrate information about where objects are located with memory for what the objects are. Achieving this goal will have broad implications for our understanding of mental health because deficits in `where-what' integration underlie the behavior problems in several mental health disorders including ADHD, Williams Syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's/Dementia. Understanding the integration of `where' and `what' is also a core requirement of any theory that purports to link brain and behavior in an ecologically grounded way.

描述(由申请者提供)：人类非常擅长记住本地工作空间中物体的布局。本提案调查了这种快速、灵活地形成、维护和更新这种“认知地图”的能力所依据的依赖时间的过程。理解这种能力的一个核心挑战是理解人们如何将“哪里”和“什么”结合起来。神经生理学证据表明，视觉系统在功能和解剖上分为背侧和腹侧路径，分别代表空间位置(Where)和物体属性信息(What)。虽然大量的工作已经阐明了这些独立处理流的操作，但关于空间信息和非空间信息是如何集成的知之甚少。这笔赠款的目标是开发和测试一种神经上可信的关于哪里-什么整合的理论。该研究计划正式确立了这一理论，并测试了从其核心概念得出的具体预测。具体目标1审查了人们如何将非空间特征“捆绑”在一起，以形成以世界为中心的空间参照系为基础的物体表征。具体目标2检查在短延迟期间保持对象表示并检测对象特征变化的机制。具体目标3强调了将“什么”置于“哪里”中的优势：人们可以通过将工作记忆表征与实时空间系统相耦合来灵活地更新这些表征。以一种神经上可信的方式理解“where”和“What”的整合至关重要，原因有两个。首先，有令人信服的证据表明，在包括ADHD、威廉姆斯综合征、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默氏症/痴呆症在内的几种精神健康疾病中，行为问题普遍存在的基础是哪里-什么融合的缺陷。其次，理解背侧和腹侧通路的整合是任何神经学上可信的理论的核心要求，这些理论声称以生态基础的方式将大脑和行为联系起来。事实上，我们方法的真正希望在于这些主题的交集：开发一种理论，既可以解决行为缺陷，也可以解决导致特定精神健康障碍的神经缺陷。与公共健康相关：这笔赠款的目标是开发和测试一种神经理论，即人们如何将关于物体位置的信息与关于物体是什么的记忆结合起来。实现这一目标将对我们对精神健康的理解产生广泛的影响，因为“在哪里-什么”整合的缺陷是包括ADHD、威廉姆斯综合征、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默氏症/痴呆症在内的几种精神健康障碍的行为问题的基础。理解“哪里”和“什么”的结合也是任何声称以生态为基础的方式将大脑和行为联系起来的理论的核心要求。