A Dynamic Neural Field Theory of Where-What Integration

何处-什么整合的动态神经场理论

• 批准号: 8079541
• 负责人: JOHN P SPENCER
• 金额: $ 22.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8079541
• 关键词: Address; Alzheimer' s Disease; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Binding; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Collection; Complex; Coupled; Coupling; Dimensions; Dorsal; Goals; Grant; Health; Human; Human Activities; Individual Differences; Infant; Link; Location; Maps; Memory; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Organism; Pathway interactions; Perception; Primates; Problem behavior; Process; Property; Research; Risk; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Spatial Behavior; Specific qualifier value; Stream; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Update; Visual; Visual system structure; Williams Syndrome; Work; brain behavior; flexibility; memory process; neural model; neurophysiology; novel; operation; programs; relating to nervous system; segregation; success; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans are exceptionally good at remembering the layout of objects in a local workspace. The present proposal investigates the time-dependent processes that underlie this ability to quickly and flexibly form, maintain, and update such `cognitive maps'. A central challenge to understanding this ability is to understand how people integrate `where' with `what'. Neurophysiological evidence suggests a functional and anatomical segregation of the visual system into dorsal and ventral pathways that represent spatial location (`where') and object property information (`what'), respectively. Although a great deal of work has clarified the operation of these processing streams in isolation, much less is known about how spatial and non-spatial information is integrated. The goal of this grant is to develop and test a neurally- plausible theory of where-what integration. The research plan formalizes such a theory and tests specific predictions derived from its central concepts. Specific Aim 1 examines how people `bind' non-spatial features together to form object representations grounded in a world-centered spatial frame of reference. Specific Aim 2 examines the mechanisms that maintain object representations during short delays and detect changes in object features. Specific Aim 3 highlights the advantages of grounding `what' in `where': people can flexibly update working memory representations by coupling these representations to a real-time spatial system. Understanding the integration of `where' and `what' in a neurally-plausible way is critical for two reasons. First, there is compelling evidence that deficits in where-what integration underlie the behavior problems prevalent in several mental health disorders including ADHD, Williams Syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's/Dementia. Second, understanding the integration of dorsal and ventral pathways is a core requirement of any neurally-plausible theory that purports to link brain and behavior in an ecologically grounded way. Indeed, the real promise of our approach lies at the intersection of these themes: to develop a theory that can address both the behavioral and neural deficits that underlie specific mental health disorders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this grant is to develop and test a neural theory of how people integrate information about where objects are located with memory for what the objects are. Achieving this goal will have broad implications for our understanding of mental health because deficits in `where-what' integration underlie the behavior problems in several mental health disorders including ADHD, Williams Syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's/Dementia. Understanding the integration of `where' and `what' is also a core requirement of any theory that purports to link brain and behavior in an ecologically grounded way.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类非常擅长记住本地工作空间中对象的布局。本提案研究了依赖于时间的过程，这些过程是快速灵活地形成、维护和更新此类“认知地图”的能力的基础。理解这种能力的一个核心挑战是理解人们如何将“哪里”与“什么”结合起来。神经生理学证据表明，视觉系统在功能和解剖学上分为背侧和腹侧通路，分别代表空间位置（“哪里”）和物体属性信息（“什么”）。尽管大量工作已经阐明了这些单独处理流的操作，但对于如何集成空间和非空间信息却知之甚少。这笔资助的目标是开发和测试一种神经学上合理的“何处-什么”整合理论。该研究计划将这样的理论形式化，并测试从其中心概念得出的具体预测。具体目标 1 研究人们如何将非空间特征“绑定”在一起，以形成基于以世界为中心的空间参考系的对象表示。具体目标 2 检查在短延迟期间维持对象表示并检测对象特征变化的机制。具体目标 3 强调了将“什么”置于“何处”的优势：人们可以通过将工作记忆表征耦合到实时空间系统来灵活地更新这些表征。以神经上合理的方式理解“哪里”和“什么”的整合至关重要，原因有两个。首先，有令人信服的证据表明，何处-什么整合的缺陷是多种精神健康障碍中普遍存在的行为问题的根源，包括多动症、威廉姆斯综合症、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默氏症/痴呆症。其次，理解背侧和腹侧通路的整合是任何神经学上合理的理论的核心要求，该理论旨在以生态基础的方式将大脑和行为联系起来。事实上，我们方法的真正前景在于这些主题的交叉点：开发一种可以解决特定心理健康障碍背后的行为和神经缺陷的理论。公共健康相关性：这笔赠款的目标是开发和测试一种神经理论，研究人们如何将物体所在位置的信息与物体的记忆相结合。实现这一目标将对我们对心理健康的理解产生广泛的影响，因为“哪里-什么”整合的缺陷是多种心理健康障碍（包括多动症、威廉姆斯综合症、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病/痴呆症）行为问题的基础。理解“哪里”和“什么”的整合也是任何旨在以生态基础方式连接大脑和行为的理论的核心要求。