Portable, high magnetic field charging of bulk superconductors for practical engineering applications

用于实际工程应用的块状超导体的便携式高磁场充电

• 批准号: 2104580
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2104580
• 关键词: Portable; magnetic; field; charging; bulk

The primary objective of this research programme is to develop portable, high magnetic field charging of bulk superconductors for practical engineering applications, with an end goal of producing a portable and commercially-viable high-field magnet system, by exploiting the remarkable materials properties of bulk high-temperature superconductors.Bulk superconductors can be used, when cooled to cryogenic temperatures, as super-strength, stable permanent magnets generating fields of several Tesla, compared to the 1.5-2 Tesla limit for conventional permanent magnets, such as neodymium magnets (Nd-Fe-B). This makes them attractive for a number of engineering applications that rely on high magnetic fields, including compact and energy-efficient motors/generators with unprecedented power densities and compact and portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems. It is now also possible for scientists to use high magnetic fields to exploit the magnetism of a material for controlling chemical and physical processes, which is attractive for magnetic separation and magnetic drug delivery systems (MDDS), for example. With the continued development of conventional superconducting magnets and the achievement of higher magnetic fields, even the chemical and physical processes associated with diamagnetic materials, which make up many of the materials found on earth, are significantly influenced. This has led to observations of the Moses effect (where the free surface of water is deformed by a magnetic field of several Tesla), magnetic levitation of diamagnetic materials, and magnetic orientation of organic polymers and gels and carbon nanotubes, which is particularly attractive for improving crystal growth of organic semiconductors and other materials.This project aims to address to problem of practical bulk superconductor magnetisation and the major objectives of the project are as follows:1. Tailoring the material processing and properties of bulk superconductors and magnet geometry, with any necessary reinforcement, towards practical high-field applications;2. Extension of numerical techniques to model the bulk superconductor properties and predict their performance quickly and accurately, including simulation of electromagnetic forces and mechanical properties of bulk superconductors for complete electromagnetic-thermal- mechanical analysis;3. Development of PFM techniques by combining numerical and experimental results;4. Design, construction and testing of two types of compact and efficient pulsed field charging systems to produce a portable and commercially-viable, high-field magnet system;5. Achieving trapped fields in bulk superconductors practically to a level beyond 5 Tesla;6. Design and development of industrially-led, high-field magnet systems for bespoke applications.The outcomes of this project would have an important impact on many high-field engineering applications, such as rotating machines (motors and generators), magnetic separation, portable MRI machines and MDDS. This project will accelerate the development and commercialisation of such systems based on bulk superconductors. Potential applications of such technology have been severely limited commercially because of the inflexible, costly and/or inefficient magnetisation fixtures used to date, although some demonstrator devices exist. The successful development of a portable, high magnetic field charging system will bring about a step change in applications that currently use permanent magnets, as well as technology enabled by the high fields possible from bulk superconductors.

本研究计划的主要目标是开发便携式，高磁场充电的大块超导体的实际工程应用，最终目标是生产一个便携式和商业上可行的高场磁体系统，通过利用大块高温超导体的显着材料特性。大块超导体可以使用，当冷却到低温温度，作为超强度，稳定的永磁体产生几特斯拉的磁场，相比之下，常规永磁体，例如钕磁体（Nd-Fe-B）的极限为1.5-2特斯拉。这使得它们对许多依赖高磁场的工程应用具有吸引力，包括具有前所未有的功率密度的紧凑型节能电机/发电机以及紧凑型便携式磁共振成像（MRI）和核磁共振（NMR）系统。现在科学家也可以使用高磁场来利用材料的磁性来控制化学和物理过程，例如，这对于磁性分离和磁性药物输送系统（MDDS）来说是有吸引力的。随着传统超导磁体的持续发展和更高磁场的实现，甚至与构成地球上发现的许多材料的抗磁性材料相关的化学和物理过程也受到了显着影响。这导致了对摩西效应的观察（其中水的自由表面被几特斯拉的磁场变形），抗磁性材料的磁悬浮，以及有机聚合物和凝胶以及碳纳米管的磁取向，这对改善有机半导体和其他材料的晶体生长特别有吸引力。本项目旨在解决实际大块超导体磁化和该项目的主要目标如下：定制材料加工和块状超导体和磁体几何形状的特性，并具有任何必要的增强，以实现实际的高场应用;2.扩展数值技术来模拟大块超导体的性能并快速准确地预测其性能，包括模拟大块超导体的电磁力和机械性能，以进行完整的电磁-热-机械分析;3.结合数值计算和实验结果，发展金属烤瓷修复技术;4.设计、建造和测试两种类型的紧凑型和高效的脉冲场充电系统，以生产便携式和商业上可行的高场磁体系统;5.在大块超导体中实现实际上超过5特斯拉的捕获场;6.为定制应用设计和开发工业主导的高场磁体系统。该项目的成果将对许多高场工程应用产生重要影响，例如旋转机械（电机和发电机），磁分离，便携式MRI机器和MDDS。该项目将加速基于大块超导体的此类系统的开发和商业化。这种技术的潜在应用在商业上受到严重限制，因为迄今为止使用的磁化固定装置不灵活、成本高和/或效率低，尽管存在一些演示装置。便携式高磁场充电系统的成功开发将为目前使用永磁体的应用以及由大块超导体可能产生的高磁场所实现的技术带来一步变化。