ENABLING CHILDREN TO AFFECT THEIR GRAMMATICAL DEVELOPMENT

特殊语言障碍(SLI)和发育迟缓儿童 (DD)特别需要一些方法来促进他们的语法 发展。如果我们能帮助这些孩子学习语法 成人输入(即语法重铸)，我们将使儿童能够 加强自身的语法发展。引出语法的一种方法 重铸可能是为了促进儿童更频繁地使用 母亲们自然而然地重述的话语。母亲最频繁 自然地重塑孩子的多项工作和完全可以理解的话语。 因此，一种促进儿童频繁和 广泛使用多个单词、完全可理解的话语可能会导致 儿童在更多的时间接受促进语言输入， 发生在传统语言中的地点、对话环境和人物 语言干预。我们计划检验五个假说。首先，我们预测 会话式语言干预将增加儿童的 发音的清晰度和长度。第二，我们预测 促进话语的可理解性和长度将导致 引发了更多自然发生的母性重铸。然而，因为 没有一种治疗方法对所有儿童都同样有效，我们还预测 自然发生的母体重铸的群体差异往往是 在家庭资源相对较高的母亲身上表现得更为明显。第三, 我们预测，会话语言的结合 干预措施和随后自然发生的孕产妇死亡率的增加 语法重铸将促进语法语义关系和 结束后几个月的早期句法和形态发展 干预的结果。第四，除了这个主要效应之外，我们还将 研究具有非语言智力的儿童是否有可能 正常范围(即SDL)将更快地从对话中获益 语言干预和随后自然发生的增加 母亲对发育迟缓的儿童进行重铸 (即DD)。第五，我们预测统计控制后- 治疗-自然发生的母体重铸将提供治疗 对后来的语法水平的影响不显著。如果是这样的话，那么 将证明母亲在出生后自然重塑的程度 治疗至少对治疗效果的一部分负责 关于后续活动中的语法发展。

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) and developmental delays (DD) are in special need of ways to facilitate their grammatical development. If we could help these children elicit grammar-facilitating adult input (i.e., grammatical recasts), we would empower children to enhance their own grammatical development. One way to elicit grammatical recasts may be to facilitate more frequent child use of the types of utterances that mothers naturally recast. Mothers most frequently naturally recast children's multi-work and fully intelligible utterances. Therefore, an intervention that facilitates children's frequent and generalized use of multi-word, fully intelligible utterances may result in children receiving facilitating linguistic input in many more times, places, conversational contexts, and people that occurs in traditional language intervention. We plan to test five hypotheses. First, we predict that conversational language intervention will increase the children's intelligibility and length of utterance. Second, we predict that facilitating intelligibility and length of utterance will lead to the elicitation of more naturally-occurring maternal recasts. However, because no treatment is equally effective for all children, we also predict the group difference in naturally occurring maternal recasts will tend to be more pronounced in mothers with relatively high family resources. Third, we predict that the combination of the conversational language intervention and the subsequent increase in naturally-occurring maternal grammatical recasts will facilitate grammatical semantic relations and early syntactic and morphological development several months after the end of the intervention. Fourth, in addition to this main effect, we will examine the possibility that children with non-verbal intelligence in the normal range (i.e., SDL) will benefit faster from the conversational language intervention and subsequent increase in naturally-occurring maternal recasts that will children with general developmental delays (i.e., DD). Fifth, we predict that statistically controlling post- treatment naturally-occurring maternal recasting will render the treatment effect on later grammatical level non-significant. If it does, then there will be evidence that the degree to which mothers naturally recast after the treatment is responsible for, at least part of, the treatment effect on grammatical development at follow-ups.