Training Grant in Teratology

描述（由申请人提供） 该培训计划的目标是教育科学家， 为预防出生缺陷（先天性 畸形和神经行为异常）。采取的办法是 将出生缺陷视为发育过程中的分子扰动， 途径。在分子生物学领域获得该资助的研究生 和发育生物学（MDB）研究生课程上课， 发育生物学，胚胎学，分子遗传学，生物化学， 细胞生物学，畸形学，还有神经科学， 生物统计学分子焦点贯穿整个程序， 包括研讨会和期刊俱乐部，并在实验室的经验。所有 该计划的实验室使用分子技术，许多实验室还使用 蜂窝和系统方法。该计划的学员有 非常成功，并在学术界、工业界和政府中取得了成功， 发育毒理学、畸形学和/或 发育神经毒理学全国缺乏 科学家在这些领域的培训和对我们的毕业生的需求仍然存在 强壮.我们的毕业生已被证明是准备充分，使雇主 回到调查员那里去找更多的受训者因此，委员会认为， 要求培养四名博士前学生和三名 博士后这是同样数量的博士前职位 与过去五年相比，增加了一个博士后职位 年对三个博士后职位的要求与以前相同 前一个周期（10至5年前）供资， 五年前就获得了资助。由于当时的需求， 在这些领域接受培训的科学家有所增加， 申请博士后职位的人数也有所增加。在 作为回应，调查人员扩大了培训教师队伍，并寻求 恢复三个博士后职位的原有水平。的 博士后研究员的培训时间为三年， 研究生，五年。值得注意的是，最近的变化 到MDB课程有可能减少时间来赚取 博士4.5年。此外，在这种情况下， 培训补助金的运作，即，MDB计划和孩子们S 医院研究基金会，正在进行重大扩张，预示着 以及为更大的未来成功，这一培训赠款在未来的 五年

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) The goal of this training program is to educate scientists who will contribute to the fight to prevent birth defects (congenital malformations and neurobehavioral abnormalities). The approach taken is to view birth defects as molecular perturbations of developmental pathways. Graduate students supported by this grant in the Molecular and Developmental Biology (MDB) Graduate Program take classes in developmental biology, embryology, molecular genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and teratology and for some also in neuroscience and biostatistics. The molecular focus is carried throughout the program, including seminar and journal clubs, and in laboratory experiences. All laboratories in the program use molecular techniques and many also use cellular and systems methodologies. Trainees from this program have been very successful, moving on to academic, industry and government research positions in developmental toxicology, teratology, and/or developmental neurotoxicology. There is a national shortage of scientists trained in these areas and demand for our graduates remains strong. Our graduates have proven to be well prepared causing employers to return to the investigators for more of their trainees. Accordingly, request is made to train four pre-doctoral students and three postdoctoral fellows. This is the same number of pre-doctoral positions and an increase of one postdoctoral position compared to the last five years. The request for three postdoctoral positions is the same as was funded during the preceding cycle (10 to 5 years ago) and the same as was approved for funding 5 years ago. Since that time demand for scientists trained in these areas has increased and the number of applicants for the postdoctoral positions has also increased. In response, the investigators have expanded the training faculty and seek reinstatement to the prior level of three postdoctoral positions. The duration of training for postdoctoral fellows is three years and for graduate students, five years. It should be noted that recent changes to the MDB curriculum have the potential to reduce the time to earn the Ph.D. degree to 4.5 years. In addition, the contexts in which this training grant operate, i.e., the MDB program and the Children?s Hospital Research Foundation, are undergoing major expansions that bode well for even greater future success of this training grant in the next five years.