CREATION OF A MULTIETHNIC DIETARY SURVEY FOR ELDERS

在美国，不同种族亚群的癌症发病率差别很大。尽管美洲原住民的癌症发病率通常较低，但最近的数据表明，这些数字正在上升。饮食摄取模式的改变可能是造成这些差异的原因之一。由于癌症是一种老年病，准确和可靠地测量老年人的饮食摄入量在估计饮食与癌症的关系方面非常重要。这些知识将有助于开发和评估特定于文化的癌症控制程序。在美国，缺乏可用于评估老年人，特别是不同种族背景的老年人的饮食评估工具。该项目的目标是制定一项饮食调查，以准确和可靠地评估犹他州老年美洲原住民(纳瓦霍人和犹特人)和高加索人的饮食摄入量。该项目的完成将为今后在老年人中收集饮食数据奠定良好的基础。这项建议描述了四个连续的目标：1)使用24小时回忆方法，确定50岁以上的美洲原住民和高加索老年人饮食中与癌症相关的营养物质的食物来源，例如维生素C、β-胡萝卜素、维生素E、叶酸和纤维。2)制定相关的食物清单，以便为美洲原住民和高加索老年人制定基于多民族食物频率问卷的饮食评估战略。3)修改PicSort膳食评估方法，评估老年人防癌营养素和食物的摄入频率。将使用焦点小组来评估其效用。4)确定纳瓦霍州和犹他州的传统动植物食物来源，为在传统食物基础上开展降低癌症风险的食源性干预措施提供依据。为实现这一目标，将开展重点小组活动。

Cancer rates differ dramatically among various ethnic subgroups in the United States (U.S.). Although cancer rates have typically been lower among Native American populations, recent data indicate that these numbers are increasing. Changing patterns of dietary intake may account for some of these differences. Since cancer is a disease of aging, accurate and reliable measurements of dietary intake among the elderly are very important in estimating diet and cancer relationships. This knowledge will facilitate the development and evaluation of culturally-specific cancer control programs. There is a dearth of dietary assessment tools available for assessing intakes of elderly in the U.S., particularly elderly of various ethnic backgrounds. The goal of this project is to formulate a dietary survey that will accurately and reliably assess dietary intakes of elderly Native American (Navajo and Ute) and Caucasian populations in Utah. Completion of this project will form an excellent basis for future dietary data collection efforts among the elderly. Four sequential objectives are described in this proposal: 1) Determine the food sources of cancer-related nutrients, e.g., vitamin C, beta- carotene, vitamin E, folate, and fiber, in the diets of Native American and Caucasian elderly adults who over 50 years of age using 24 hour recall methods. 2) Compose a relevant food list for the creation of a multi-ethnic food frequency questionnaire-based dietary assessment strategy for Native American and Caucasian elderly. 3) Modify the PicSort dietary assessment method to assess the frequency of intake of cancer-preventive nutrients and foods in the elderly. Focus groups will be used to assess its utility. 4) Determine traditional plant and animal food sources among Navajo and Ute to provide a basis for cancer risk reduction food-based interventions based on traditional foodways. Focus groups will be conducted to accomplish this goal.