GENDER MATTERS AND HEALTH: THE ROLE OF CHOICE AND POLICY

描述（由申请人提供）： 与男子相比，妇女的发病率较高，而死亡率较低，这一矛盾现象给生物学家、临床医生和社会科学家提出了许多问题。 直到最近，研究和政策对话几乎完全集中在社会或生物差异上。 我们建议的书，性别问题：受约束的选择和社会政策的健康后果的检查，将提供一个平衡的分析，如何在男子和妇女的生活和他们的生理差异有助于矛盾的健康差异。 我们将集中在以下三个目标：1）审查和综合生物医学和社会科学文献的性别差异在健康; 2）检查如何限制选择和社会政策塑造性别差异在健康; 3）探索社会背景是否以及如何（包括工作、家庭和社区）和政策，以减少健康方面的性别差异，改善个人和人口健康。 我们将详细说明一个模型，如何微妙和累积的健康影响的限制选择在男性和女性的生活影响他们的精神和身体健康，并显示如何社会和医疗保健政策，不考虑从社会和生物研究的结果可以无意中促进的情况下，易患男性或女性的健康问题。 我们的工作将产生新的见解健康的性别差异的悖论，并提供了一个更好地了解选择健康的广泛的社会障碍。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The paradox of women's higher morbidity rates and lower mortality rates compared to men raises many questions for biologists, clinicians and social scientists. Until recently, the research and policy dialogue has focused almost exclusively on either social or biological differences. Our proposed book, Gender Matters: An Examination of Health Consequences of Constrained Choices and Social Policies, will provide a balanced analysis of how differences in men's and women's lives and in their physiology contribute to paradoxical health differences. We will focus on the following three aims: 1) Review and synthesize the biomedical and social science literature on gender differences in health; 2) Examine how constrained choices and social policies shape gender differences in health; and 3) Explore whether and how social contexts (including work, family, and community) and policies can be altered to reduce gender differences in health and improve individual and population health. We will elaborate a model of how the subtle and cumulative health effects of constrained choice in men's and women's lives affect their mental and physical health and show how social and health care policies that fail to consider findings from both social and biological research can inadvertently foster circumstances that predispose men or women to health problems. Our work will yield new insights into the paradox of gender differences in health and provide a better understanding of the wide range of social barriers to choosing health.