WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH: IMPACT OF WORK AND FAMILY

拟议的工作旨在解决几个尚未解决的主要问题 关于性别与身心健康之间的关系， 分别通过抑郁和自评健康来衡量。很长的- 该项目长期目标是查明男子就业的社会决定因素， 以及女性的抑郁症和自我评估的健康状况，从而促进 了解抑郁症和性别的社会根源 抑郁症和自评健康的差异。数据来自美国国家 健康住户调查（NSFH），一项对一个国家的两波纵向调查， 美国家庭的代表性样本，提供了一个 前所未有的机会来研究，在一个大的代表性人口， 分工的后果，男性的有偿工作和家务劳动 和妇女的作用，并确定 与角色相关的活动会影响抑郁和自评健康。的 拟议的工作旨在：（1）评估就业，家务， 以及配偶之间有酬和无酬工作的分工， （2）探讨干预措施对女性抑郁症状的影响 因素（例如，感知角色质量和感知公平性 有酬和无酬工作的分工），这可能会导致 就业、家务劳动和劳动分工对抑郁和自我的影响 （3）探讨性别差异在多大程度上影响了健康。 社会角色和有酬和无酬工作的分工对 抑郁症和自我评估的健康状况因种族和民族而异 (i.e.,白人、黑人和西班牙裔）。由于妇女人数的增加， 在整个生育年龄，男女都面临 在过去，平衡有偿工作和家务劳动的压力更大。然而， 关于人口司的影响， 有酬工作和家务劳动对男女身心健康的影响 健康社会角色、角色质量和花费时间的性别差异 角色相关的活动，必须加以考虑，以了解 成年人身心健康的性别差异。的 关于家务劳动和家务劳动的不同影响的现有资料 家庭内有酬和无酬工作的分工 身心健康极为分散。本研究将 试图通过检查的影响，澄清不一致的结果 感知的角色质量以及感知的分工公平性 男女在多数和少数民族人口中的作用。本研究 有望填补社会知识的几个空白， 男女健康的决定因素，为更多的 广泛的纵向分析，并提出新的可能性， 旨在促进身心健康的干预措施。的优势 建议的研究是大样本量的NSFH，其 代表性，黑人和西班牙裔的过度抽样，重复的 抑郁的措施，自我评价的健康，工作，和支付的分工 和无报酬工作，以及关于人口的大量社会人口数据， 回答者的生活。

The proposed work seeks to address several major unresolved issues regarding the relationships between gender and mental and physical health, as measured by depression and self-rated health, respectively. The long- term objective of this project is to identify social determinants of men's and women's depression and self-rated health, and thereby advance the understanding of the social origins of depression and of gender differences in depression and self-rated health. Data from the National Survey of Health Households (NSFH), a two-wave longitudinal survey of a national, representative sample of U.S. households, provide an unprecedented opportunity to study, in a large representative population, the consequences of the division and paid work and household labor for men and women and to identify mechanisms and processes by which gender roles and role-related activities affect depression and self-rated health. The proposed work seeks: (1) to assess the influence of employment, housework, and the division of paid and unpaid work between spouses on men's and women's depression and self-rated health, (2) to examine intervening factors (e.g., perceived role quality and perceived fairness of the division of paid and unpaid work) that might account for the affects of employment , housework, and the division of labor on depression and self- rated health, (3) to explore the extent to which gender differences in the effects of social roles and the division f paid and unpaid work on depression and self-rated health vary across racial and ethnic groups (i.e., whites, blacks, and Hispanics). Due to women's increasing employment throughout their child-bearing years, men and women face greater strains balancing paid work and household labor in the past. Yet, there have been no comprehensive studies on the impact of the division of paid work and household of labor on men's and women's mental and physical health. Gender difference in social roles, role quality, and time spent on role-related activities, must be taken into account in order to understand the gender differences in mental and physical health among adults. The information available on the differential effects of housework and the division of paid and unpaid work within households on men's and women's mental and physical health is extremely fragmented. This study will attempt to clarify the inconsistent findings by examining the effects of perceived role quality as well as perceived fairness of the division of roles on men and women in majority and minority populations. This study promises to fill several gaps in the knowledge about the social determinants of men's and women's health, to set the stage for more extensive longitudinal analyses, and to raise new possibilities for social intervention designed to enhance physical and mental health. The strengths of the proposed study are the large sample size of the NSFH, its represntativeness, the oversample of Blacks and Hispanics, the repeated measures of depression, self-rated health, work, and the division of paid and unpaid work, and the wealth of sociodemographic data on the respondent's lives.