Sensory Impairment, Functional Status and Mortality

描述：（由申请人提供）听力和视觉障碍是老年人最常见的损害形式。尽管这些障碍作为一个公共卫生问题具有重要意义，但关于多重感觉障碍的流行病学及其对功能状态（包括死亡风险）的影响的研究相对较少。目前提出的研究将检查听力障碍和双重感觉障碍的患病率和功能健康相关性，包括死亡风险。全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）是由美国国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）每年对美国平民进行的一项家庭调查。从1986年到1994年，总共收集了近11.7万名美国成年人的人口统计、健康、视力和听力障碍数据。最近，NCHS对参加1986-94年NHIS调查的所有个人进行了死亡率随访。利用这一具有独特代表性的大型数据库，调查人员将：1)按年龄、性别和种族/民族估计美国成年人中报告的听力障碍和双重感觉障碍（视觉障碍和听力障碍）的患病率和严重程度，2)评估有和没有听力障碍和双重感觉障碍的美国成年人报告的健康和残疾状况，3)估计和比较有和没有听力障碍和双重感觉障碍的成年人的总体死亡率和原因特异性死亡率，以及4)发展，测试和比较理论模型，如本应用程序图1所示，其中评估了风险因素、单一和双重感觉障碍、功能状态和死亡率之间的相互关系。这项拟议的研究将解决NIA计划公告#PA-99-123中概述的几个研究目标，衰老感官：多个感官系统之间的关系，其中包括支持：1)在特定人群中研究一种以上感觉模式的流行病学研究，以衡量衰退的流行程度和程度，并阐明模式之间的相互作用；2)多种感觉缺陷对老年人功能状态和生活质量的影响的研究。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Hearing and visual impairments are among the most common forms of impairment in older adults. Despite the importance of these impairments as a public health problem there has been relatively little research on the epidemiology of multiple sensory impairment and its influence on functional status, including risk of mortality. The current proposed study would examine the prevalence and functional health correlates of hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment including risk of mortality. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a household survey of the US civilian population conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). In total from 1986-94, demographic, health, visual and hearing impairment have been collected on nearly 117,000 US adults. Recently, NCHS conducted a mortality follow-up for all individuals participating in the 1986-94 NHIS surveys. Using this uniquely representative and large database the Investigators will: 1) estimate the prevalence and severity of reported hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment (visual impairment and hearing impairment) in US adults by age, gender and race/ethnicity, 2) evaluate the reported health and disability status of US adults with and without hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment, 3) estimate and compare the overall and cause-specific mortality rates for adults with and without hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment, and 4) develop, test and compare theoretical models such as the one depicted in Figure 1 of this application, in which the interrelationships between risk factors, single and dual sensory impairment, functional status and mortality are assessed. This proposed study will address several research objectives outlined in the NIA Program Announcement #PA-99-123, The Aging Senses: Relationships Among Multiple Sensory Systems, which include the support of: 1) epidemiological studies in which more than one sensory modality is studied in a given population in order to measure the prevalence and extent of decline as well as to elucidate interactions among modalities, and 2) studies of the effects of multiple sensory deficits on functional status and quality of life in elderly humans.