Investigating the relationship between socio-economic status and hazardous drinking: Effects of stress, impulsivity, gender and ethnicity.

在英国，人们对酒精有很大的公共健康担忧，大约20%的人口经常饮用有害水平的酒精。如果人们长期滥用酒精，可能会严重损害健康。危险饮酒有几个预测因素，例如，与社会经济地位较高的人相比，社会经济地位较低的人倾向于更危险地饮酒。一种名为社会因果法的理论认为，较低的SES会让人们暴露在更大的压力和逆境中，进而驱使个人喝更多的酒。研究强调，压力是健康的社交饮酒者和危险饮酒者滥用酒精的风险因素。此外，研究发现，压力增加饮酒欲望和饮酒的效果受到潜在的个性特征的调节，比如冲动。换句话说，与那些不那么冲动的人相比，那些冲动程度更高的人在压力后往往会渴望和喝更多的酒。高级/专业技能，例如面试技巧，ESRC数据集的使用编程能力，包括使用心理治疗和心理工具包设计和执行心理实验的能力；作为第一作者，我发表了我的本科(Clay等人，2018年，药物和酒精依赖)和硕士(Clay&Parker，2018，提交给精神药理学)项目的数据。这个研究计划的总体目标是通过探索几个心理因素(如个性特征)、生理因素(如压力反应)和社会因素(如性别和种族)来加深我们对SES与危险饮酒之间关系的理解。通过这样做，我们将能够就当前和未来有关酒精使用的立法做出更明智的决定，这些立法试图解决目前的公共卫生问题。

In the UK, there is a great public health concern surrounding alcohol, with approximately 20% of the population regularly consuming alcohol at hazardous levels. If people continue to misuse alcohol over long-periods of time, this can be severely damaging to health.There are several predictive factors of hazardous drinking, for example, people of lower socio-economic status (SES) tend to drink more hazardously when compared to those of higher SES. One theory, the social causation approach, suggests that having a lower SES exposes people to a greater level of stress and adversity and in turn, drives individuals to consume more alcohol. Research has highlighted stress as a risk factor for alcohol misuse within both healthy social drinkers and hazardous drinkers. Furthermore, the effect of stress increasing alcohol craving and consumption has been found to be modulated by underlying personality traits, such as impulsivity. In other words, those with higher levels of impulsivity tend to crave and consume more alcohol following stress than those who are less impulsive.Advanced /Specialist Skills, e.g. Interview skills, use of ESRC datasetsProgramming capability,including the capability to design and execute psychological experiments using PsychoPy and PsyToolKit; Publishing, I published the data from my undergraduate (Clay et al., 2018, Drug and Alcohol Dependence) and Masters (Clay & Parker, 2018, Submitted to Psychopharmacology) projects, acting as first author.The overarching aim of this programme of study is to further our understanding of the relationship between SES and hazardous drinking through the exploration of several psychological (e.g. personality traits), physiological (e.g. stress response) and social (e.g. gender and ethnicity) factors. In doing so we will be able to make better informed decisions regarding current and future legislation surrounding alcohol use, which attempts to address the present public health concerns.