Worms, sheep and environment: integrating ecological perspectives into anthelmintic resistance management.

蠕虫、羊和环境：将生态视角纳入驱虫药耐药性管理。

• 批准号: 2136218
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2136218
• 关键词: Worms; sheep; environment; integrating; ecological

Keywords: Resistance evolution, worms, genomics, ecology, adaptive managementAbstract: The purpose of this multidisciplinary studentship is to integrate fundamental and applied perspectives on a research problem with direct societal relevance but which also informs key questions in evolutionary ecology and parasitology. The development of resistance to chemical control measures is a key concern in human and veterinary medicine and in agricultural production systems. To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of chemical control measures in the face of resistance, adaptive management approaches have been proposed that customise intervention strategies to the biology and ecology of the particular target pathogens and their hosts. However, these would ideally consider the specific mechanisms of the control agent, genetics of resistance, rates of migration between susceptible and resistant populations, and the strength of selection imposed by the control agents, while taking into account other types of environmental variation, such as the type of pasture that hosts feed on, the community of hosts that share pastures, and how isolated hosts are from new infections. This requires integration of ecology, evolution, genetics/genomics, parasitology, veterinary science, quantitative analyses of "big data", and mathematical modelling, which has not often been achieved. The overall aim of this studentship is to take a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the nature and consequences of anthelmintic resistance in an important parasite of sheep, the nematode Haemonchus contortus. The project will focus on resistance to ivermectin, which is one of the key anthelmintics for controlling livestock parasites. The student will benefit from support and resources provided by a large UK-wide consortium investigating anthelmintic resistance (https://bugconsortium.wordpress.com). The project will involve four main elements but there will be flexibility for the student to take the project in different directions: 1) using previously developed crosses between resistant and susceptible parasites to test the genetic basis of resistance; 2) examining 'real life' fitness (e.g. ability to establish infection, competition, mating success) and the influence of mating preferences, by genotyping the adults and progeny resulting from mixed infections; 3) testing the segregation of resistance markers in previously established lines of a free-living nematode model system (Caenorhabditis remanei) that was selected for ivermectin resistance to test whether there is a common basis of resistance and similar phenotypic consequences; and 4) using deep sequencing approaches to genotype individuals from agricultural environments that differ in resistance management practices to test predictions about expected rates of resistance evolution.

摘要：该多学科研究的目的是整合具有直接社会相关性的研究问题的基础和应用观点，同时也为进化生态学和寄生虫学的关键问题提供信息。对化学控制措施产生耐药性是人类医学和兽医学以及农业生产系统中的一个关键问题。为了提高化学防治措施的效率和有效性，已经提出了适应性管理方法，根据特定目标病原体及其宿主的生物学和生态学定制干预策略。然而，理想情况下，这些将考虑控制剂的具体机制，抗性遗传，易感和抗性种群之间的迁移率，以及控制剂施加的选择强度，同时考虑其他类型的环境变化，例如宿主所吃的牧场类型，共享牧场的宿主群落，以及宿主与新感染的隔离程度。这需要整合生态学、进化学、遗传学/基因组学、寄生虫学、兽医学、“大数据”定量分析和数学建模，而这往往无法实现。这项研究的总体目标是采取多学科的方法来研究羊的一种重要寄生虫，弯曲血线虫的抗虫性的性质和后果。该项目将重点研究对伊维菌素的耐药性，伊维菌素是控制牲畜寄生虫的关键驱虫剂之一。该学生将受益于一个大型英国范围内的研究抗虫性的财团提供的支持和资源（https://bugconsortium.wordpress.com）。该项目将涉及四个主要元素，但学生可以灵活地将项目从不同的方向进行：1)使用先前开发的抗性和易感寄生虫之间的杂交来测试抗性的遗传基础；2)通过对混合感染产生的成年和后代进行基因分型，检查“现实生活”适应性（例如建立感染、竞争、交配成功的能力）和交配偏好的影响；3)在先前建立的自由生活线虫模型系统（隐杆线虫）中检测抗性标记的分离，该系统被选为伊维菌素抗性，以测试是否存在共同的抗性基础和类似的表型后果；4)使用深度测序方法对来自不同抗性管理实践的农业环境的个体进行基因分型，以测试对预期抗性进化率的预测。