MECHANISMS OF TIME DISCRIMINATION

时间歧视机制

• 批准号: 6796019
• 负责人: JONATHON D CRYSTAL
• 金额: $ 3.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-12 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6796019
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; biological clocks; bioperiodicity; circadian rhythms; ethology; laboratory rat; learning; methamphetamine; psychobiology; time perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Efforts to understand the discrimination of time have proceeded along two relatively independent paths, one focusing on timing short intervals and one focusing on timing intervals of approximately a day. These efforts have studied different experimental manipulations and dependent variables, constructed different theoretical frameworks, and communicated findings to different research communities. These factors have led to the conclusion that the timing of short intervals and circadian rhythms are based on unrelated mechanisms. However, recent findings about the discrimination of short and circadian intervals suggest similarities in these two domains and raise the prospect of advancing the knowledge base of timing by examining the continuum of timing from short interval to circadian ranges. The long-range goal is to develop a theory of timing that encompasses the discrimination of temporal intervals across several orders of magnitude from milliseconds to days. The objective of this application is to exploit strong features of short interval and circadian approaches to identify mechanisms of short-interval time discrimination. The central hypothesis is that multiple oscillators, with periods that range from milliseconds to days, underlie time discrimination. The mechanism underlying local maxima in sensitivity to time will be examined in the short-interval domain. The working hypothesis is that each established local maximum in timing is based on an oscillator mechanism. Properties of oscillator and accumulator mechanisms will be tested by examining self-sustaining free-running rhythms, entrainment boundaries, and phase-response curves in short-interval timing. The relation between multiple local maxima in sensitivity to time will be determined. The working hypothesis is that a circadian oscillator synchronizes short-interval oscillators in a multi-oscillator system. Coupling between oscillators will be tested by correlating free-running periods in short-interval timing and manipulating the circadian system and testing properties of the short-interval system. The proposed research is expected to demonstrate (1) that local maxima in sensitivity to time are based on an oscillator mechanism, (2) the coupling relationship among multiple oscillators, and (3) that new mechanisms of time discrimination can be identified by integrating short-interval and circadian approaches. This integration is expected to have a major impact on short-interval and circadian fields because the current assumption of independence between these domains has not been tested and new advances will emerge from identifying common mechanisms.

描述（由申请人提供）：理解时间辨别的努力沿着两条相对独立的路径进行，一条侧重于计时短间隔，一条侧重于大约一天的计时间隔。 这些努力研究了不同的实验操作和因变量，构建了不同的理论框架，并向不同的研究团体传达了研究结果。 这些因素得出这样的结论：短间隔的时间安排和昼夜节律是基于不相关的机制。 然而，最近关于区分短间隔和昼夜节律间隔的研究结果表明，这两个领域存在相似之处，并提出了通过检查从短间隔到昼夜节律范围的时间连续性来推进定时知识库的前景。 长期目标是发展一种计时理论，其中包括对从毫秒到天的几个数量级的时间间隔的区分。 该应用程序的目标是利用短间隔和昼夜节律方法的强大特征来识别短间隔时间歧视的机制。 中心假设是，周期从毫秒到天的多个振荡器是时间歧视的基础。 将在短间隔域中检查对时间敏感度的局部最大值的机制。 工作假设是每个已建立的局部最大值都基于振荡器机制。 振荡器和累加器机制的特性将通过检查短间隔定时中的自持自由运行节奏、夹带边界和相位响应曲线来测试。 将确定对时间敏感度的多个局部最大值之间的关系。 工作假设是昼夜节律振荡器同步多振荡器系统中的短间隔振荡器。 将通过关联短间隔定时中的自由运行周期并操纵昼夜节律系统并测试短间隔系统的属性来测试振荡器之间的耦合。 拟议的研究预计将证明（1）对时间敏感度的局部最大值基于振荡器机制，（2）多个振荡器之间的耦合关系，以及（3）可以通过整合短间隔和昼夜节律方法来识别新的时间辨别机制。 这种整合预计将对短间隔和昼夜节律领域产生重大影响，因为目前这些领域之间的独立性假设尚未经过检验，并且通过确定共同机制将出现新的进展。