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MECHANISMS OF TIME DISCRIMINATION

时间歧视机制

基本信息

批准号：
6783381
负责人：
JONATHON D CRYSTAL
金额：
$ 17.62万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-09-12 至 2006-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6783381
关键词：
behavior test behavioral /social science research tag biological clocks bioperiodicity circadian rhythms ethology laboratory rat learning methamphetamine psychobiology time perception

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Efforts to understand the discrimination of time have proceeded along two relatively independent paths, one focusing on timing short intervals and one focusing on timing intervals of approximately a day. These efforts have studied different experimental manipulations and dependent variables, constructed different theoretical frameworks, and communicated findings to different research communities. These factors have led to the conclusion that the timing of short intervals and circadian rhythms are based on unrelated mechanisms. However, recent findings about the discrimination of short and circadian intervals suggest similarities in these two domains and raise the prospect of advancing the knowledge base of timing by examining the continuum of timing from short interval to circadian ranges. The long-range goal is to develop a theory of timing that encompasses the discrimination of temporal intervals across several orders of magnitude from milliseconds to days. The objective of this application is to exploit strong features of short interval and circadian approaches to identify mechanisms of short-interval time discrimination. The central hypothesis is that multiple oscillators, with periods that range from milliseconds to days, underlie time discrimination. The mechanism underlying local maxima in sensitivity to time will be examined in the short-interval domain. The working hypothesis is that each established local maximum in timing is based on an oscillator mechanism. Properties of oscillator and accumulator mechanisms will be tested by examining self-sustaining free-running rhythms, entrainment boundaries, and phase-response curves in short-interval timing. The relation between multiple local maxima in sensitivity to time will be determined. The working hypothesis is that a circadian oscillator synchronizes short-interval oscillators in a multi-oscillator system. Coupling between oscillators will be tested by correlating free-running periods in short-interval timing and manipulating the circadian system and testing properties of the short-interval system. The proposed research is expected to demonstrate (1) that local maxima in sensitivity to time are based on an oscillator mechanism, (2) the coupling relationship among multiple oscillators, and (3) that new mechanisms of time discrimination can be identified by integrating short-interval and circadian approaches. This integration is expected to have a major impact on short-interval and circadian fields because the current assumption of independence between these domains has not been tested and new advances will emerge from identifying common mechanisms.

描述(申请人提供)：理解时间区分的努力沿着两条相对独立的路径进行，一条专注于对短时间间隔进行计时，另一条专注于大约一天的计时间隔。这些努力研究了不同的实验操作和因变量，构建了不同的理论框架，并将结果传达给不同的研究社区。这些因素导致了这样的结论：短间歇和昼夜节律的计时是基于无关的机制。然而，最近关于区分短时间间隔和昼夜节律间隔的研究结果表明，这两个领域存在相似之处，并提出了通过研究从短间隔到昼夜节律范围的计时连续体来推进计时知识基础的前景。长期目标是发展一种计时理论，包括区分从毫秒到几天的几个数量级的时间间隔。此应用程序的目的是利用短间隔和昼夜节律方法的强大特征来识别短间隔时间辨别的机制。中心假设是，多个周期从毫秒到几天的振荡器构成了时间分辨的基础。局部最大值对时间的敏感性的潜在机制将在短时间间隔域中进行研究。工作假设是，在定时中建立的每个局部最大值都基于一种振荡器机制。振荡器和蓄能器机构的特性将通过检查短间隔计时中的自持自由运行节律、卷吸边界和相响应曲线来测试。将确定对时间敏感的多个局部最大值之间的关系。工作假设是昼夜节律振荡器使多振荡器系统中的短时间间隔振荡器同步。振荡器之间的耦合将通过关联短时间间隔计时中的自由运行周期、操纵昼夜节律系统和测试短时间间隔系统的特性来测试。这项研究有望证明(1)局部极大值对时间的敏感性是基于振荡器机制的，(2)多个振荡器之间的耦合关系，以及(3)结合短间隔和昼夜节律的方法可以识别新的时间分辨机制。这种整合预计将对短间隔和昼夜节律领域产生重大影响，因为目前这些领域之间独立的假设尚未得到检验，识别共同机制将出现新的进展。