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Discrimination of What, Where, and When

对内容、地点和时间的歧视

基本信息

批准号：
7989119
负责人：
JONATHON D CRYSTAL
金额：
$ 19.06万
依托单位：
TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-01-10 至 2012-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7989119
关键词：
Accounting Alzheimer&apos s Disease Amnesia Animals Basic Science Behavior Behavior Disorders Behavioral Behavioral Mechanisms Brain Injuries Brain region Characteristics Circadian Rhythms Cognition Cognitive Cognitive Science Comparative Study Cues Data Development Discrimination Disease Episodic memory Event Flavoring Fostering Foundations Future Goals Health Hippocampus (Brain)Human Impaired cognition Impairment Investigation Knowledge Laboratories Learning Location Measurement Memory Memory Disorders Memory impairment Mental disorders Methods Molecular Nature Neurobiology Outcome Pathology Phase Positioning Attribute Principal Investigator Process Property Psychophysiology Public Health Radial Rattus Research Societies System Testing Time Training Translational Research Work base behavior measurement cognitive function episodic like memory experience food flavor human disease improved insight neurochemistry socioeconomics therapeutic development time interval

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-range goal is to understand how animals process events in time and remember these events in order to provide a theoretical framework for understanding disorders of memory. The objective of the present application is to identify behavioral mechanisms by which rats discriminate what, where, and when. Attainment of this objective is important because of the prominence of impairments in the content of memory - memories of what, where, and when an event occurred - in Alzheimer's disease and other common forms of human memory pathology. The central hypothesis is that rats time intervals with respect to significant earlier events to discriminate what, where, and when. The PI will test the central hypothesis by accomplishing two specific aims: 1. To identify the revisit strategy used to discriminate what, where, and when. The working hypothesis is that rats solve the discrimination of what, where, and when by learning specific what-when contingencies. The working hypothesis will be tested by training rats to discriminate what, where, and when using two what-when contingencies (i.e., two contingencies that govern replenishment of two distinctive flavors). 2. To identify the temporal mechanisms used to discriminate what, where, and when. The working hypothesis is that rats time intervals between significant events (e.g., study and test phases) in the discrimination of what, where, and when. Consequently, standard psychophysical methods of investigating interval timing will be used to investigate the temporal mechanisms involved in the discrimination of what, where, and when. This hypothesis will be tested by (1) obtaining generalization gradients, (2) examining the scalar property of temporal variability, and (3) identifying temporal resetting mechanisms in the discrimination of what, where, and when. Deficits in episodic memory in humans are deficits in the memory of what, where, and when events occurred (i.e., the content of episodic memory). Therefore, investigating the discrimination of what, where, and when in animals holds enormous potential for understanding disorders of human memory. The health relatedness of the project includes identifying mechanisms that govern the discrimination of what, where, and when to understand disorders of memory. Basic research of this type provides the foundation for new insights into the nature and origins of mental and behavioral disorders, which may ultimately impact development of improved treatments in future research. Therefore, the proposed research will identify the behavioral mechanisms of the discrimination of what, where, and when in rats to facilitate our understanding of fundamental aspects of cognition that may become dysfunctional within mental disorders. Identification of such behavioral mechanisms is essential to facilitate future progress in understanding the basic neurobiology of the network of brain regions (including the hippocampus) that support normal cognitive function, with the ultimate goal of determining how abnormalities in these systems give rise to mental illness. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The study of basic mechanisms that govern memory is an urgent public health need because disorders of memory, such as Alzheimer's disease and other common forms of human memory pathology, impose a significant socioeconomic burden on society. Deficits in the content of memory for what, where, and when events occurred are implicated in disorders of memory. Therefore, investigating the discrimination of what, where, and when in animals holds enormous potential for understanding the neurobiological bases of human memory disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：长期目标是了解动物如何及时处理事件并记住这些事件，以便为理解记忆障碍提供理论框架。本申请的目的是鉴定大鼠辨别什么、在哪里和何时的行为机制。实现这一目标是重要的，因为在阿尔茨海默氏症和其他常见形式的人类记忆病理中，记忆内容（关于事件发生的时间、地点和内容的记忆）的损伤是突出的。中心假设是，大鼠的时间间隔相对于重要的早期事件，以区分什么，在哪里，什么时候。PI将通过实现两个具体目标来测试中心假设：1.确定用于区分什么、在哪里和何时的重访策略。工作假设是，老鼠通过学习特定的“什么-什么时候”的偶然事件来解决对“什么”、“在哪里”和“什么时候”的辨别。工作假设将通过训练大鼠使用两个什么-什么时间的偶然事件（即，控制两种不同风味的补充的两种偶然性）。2.识别用于区分什么、哪里和何时的时间机制。工作假设是大鼠在重要事件之间的时间间隔（例如，学习和测试阶段）在什么，在哪里，什么时候的歧视。因此，标准的心理物理学方法，调查间隔时间将被用来调查的时间机制，在什么，在哪里，什么时候的歧视。这个假设将通过（1）获得泛化梯度，（2）检查时间变异性的标量属性，（3）识别时间重置机制来区分什么、哪里和何时。人类情景记忆的缺陷是对事件发生的时间、地点和内容的记忆缺陷（即，情节记忆的内容）。因此，研究动物对什么、在哪里、什么时候的辨别，对于理解人类记忆障碍具有巨大的潜力。该项目的健康相关性包括确定机制，管理什么，在哪里，什么时候理解记忆障碍的歧视。这种类型的基础研究为深入了解精神和行为障碍的性质和起源提供了基础，这可能最终影响未来研究中改进治疗方法的发展。因此，拟议的研究将确定大鼠区分什么、在哪里和什么时候的行为机制，以促进我们对可能在精神障碍中出现功能障碍的认知基本方面的理解。识别这些行为机制对于促进未来理解支持正常认知功能的大脑区域（包括海马体）网络的基本神经生物学的进展至关重要，最终目标是确定这些系统中的异常如何引起精神疾病。公共卫生关系：对记忆基本机制的研究是一项紧迫的公共卫生需求，因为记忆障碍，如阿尔茨海默病和其他常见的人类记忆病理形式，给社会带来了重大的社会经济负担。记忆内容的缺陷，如事件发生的时间、地点和事件发生的时间，都与记忆障碍有关。因此，研究动物对什么、在哪里、什么时候的辨别，对于理解人类记忆障碍的神经生物学基础具有巨大的潜力。