How location information is maintained in memory

位置信息如何保存在内存中

• 批准号: 6623551
• 负责人: JOHN P SPENCER
• 金额: $ 11.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6623551
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); clinical research; form /pattern perception; human subject; mathematical model; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; short term memory; space perception; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To interact successfully with the local environment, people must maintain a "local map' of the locations of important nearby objects. This is one of the primary functions of spatial working memory. The majority of research investigating the characteristics of spatial working memory has focused on what people represent in memory. Although this is a fundamental question, the present study examines a different, but equally important question: how do people maintain location information in memory? This question is timely because recent studies have identified several brain regions that contribute to the maintenance of location information. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that elderly participants and patients suffering from Alzheimer's Disease show deficits when the characteristics of a visual stimulus must be maintained in working memory over a delay. Evidence from a variety of studies suggests that people rely on visible reference axes -- the edges of a table, the edges of a computer screen -- to help them remember the locations of target objects. Use of such perceptual information can help stabilize memory. Nevertheless, there is a cost -- memory is systematically distorted near reference axes. Specifically, when people are asked to reproduce the location of a hidden object, they exaggerate the distance between the reference axis and the actual location of the object. These memory errors are particularly informative because they increase in magnitude as memory delays increase. Thus, errors away from reference axes may provide a window into the second-to-second processes the serve to maintain location information in working memory. Fourteen experiments will test a mathematical model of how information is maintained in spatial working memory with both child and adult participants. The first eight experiments test specific predictions of the model. The final seven experiments examine the generality of the model to situations in which a reaching response is not required and to situations that place demands on spatial selective attention. When completed, the proposed project will provide the first formal theory of spatial working memory.

描述（由申请人提供）：成功地与当地 环境，人们必须保持一个“本地地图”的重要位置， 附近的物体。这是空间工作记忆的主要功能之一。 大多数研究空间工作的特点， 记忆集中于人们在记忆中所代表的东西。虽然这是一个 在这个基本问题上，本研究探讨了一个不同的，但同样 重要问题：人们如何在记忆中保存位置信息？这 这个问题很及时，因为最近的研究已经确定了几个大脑区域 有助于维护位置信息。此外，委员会认为， 研究表明，老年参与者和患有 阿尔茨海默氏病显示赤字时，视觉刺激的特点， 必须在工作记忆中保持一定的延迟。 来自各种研究的证据表明，人们依赖于可见的 参考轴-桌子的边缘，电脑屏幕的边缘- 帮助他们记住目标物体的位置。使用这种感知 信息可以帮助稳定记忆。然而，有一个成本-内存 在参考轴附近发生系统性扭曲。具体来说，当人们 当被要求重现一个隐藏物体的位置时，他们夸大了 参考轴和物体实际位置之间的距离。 这些记忆错误是特别有用的，因为它们会增加 随着内存延迟的增加。因此，远离参考轴的误差可能 提供了一个窗口，可以看到发球机要保持的秒到秒的过程 工作记忆中的位置信息。 14个实验将测试一个数学模型， 在儿童和成人参与者的空间工作记忆中保持。 前八个实验测试模型的具体预测。最终 七个实验检验了该模型对以下情况的通用性： 不需要作出反应， 空间选择性注意项目完成后，将提供 空间工作记忆的第一个正式理论。