Young child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors' perspectives on CSA Prevention Methods

本研究通过儿童性侵幸存者对儿童性侵预防方法的看法对比，调查儿童性侵幸存者的经历和对儿童性侵预防方法的看法。该研究还探讨了如果CSA幸存者认为它们无效，如何开发它们以使其更有效。幸存者的声音贯穿整个研究，通过访谈阐明他们的经历，并为改进预防方法的分析和建议做出贡献。英国防止虐待儿童协会（NSPCC）（2019年）将性侵犯定义为儿童“被迫或被说服参与性活动”。童年时期遭受性虐待的创伤影响可能产生有害的和改变生活的影响，包括增加心理健康问题的发生率，包括自杀念头和自残，有时自己成为施虐者（Ryan和Lane， 1997年）。以预防和制止虐待为目的的CSA预防方法包括教育书籍、学校课程和社会工作专业人员识别和处理有风险的儿童。这些教育孩子认识到性侵犯，并给出保护自己的建议，并向可信任的成年人透露不舒服的经历。在获得优异成绩的硕士论文中，我对44本教育类书籍进行了深入的分析。我也在根据这篇论文准备一篇论文提交给英国社会工作杂志。研究经常探索CSA预防方法的有效性，表明由于年龄、风险严重程度和其他因素，某些方法对某些儿童比其他方法更有效（Davis和Gidycz， 2000）。这表明需要实施多种预防方法，以确保每个儿童都得到保护。这些研究比较了使用预防措施的学校中虐待案件的发生率。然而，在这项研究中很少使用年轻幸存者的声音，而更多的研究是探索未受虐待的儿童、父母、施虐者或年长幸存者的声音。这项研究的目的是给幸存者的CSA的声音，是至关重要的获取知识的大量财富幸存者。参与研究的幸存者也将是CSA幸存者的倡导者，这将有助于通过他们对幸存者的宣传工作提供额外的信息。这项研究在听取年轻幸存者自己的声音和收集他们对如何改进当前CSA预防方法的意见以及是否需要新的幸存者领导的倡议来有效预防CSA方面具有开创性。研究人员作为一名CSA倡导者和与年轻的CSA幸存者一起工作的个人经历，为真正的同理心、必要的知识、融洽的关系和反射性提供了一个基础背景。这项研究的目的是发展对CSA预防方法的更多了解，确定幸存者认为目前有效的方法，对谁有效，在什么情况下有效，并制定更有效的幸存者主导的预防方法。研究问题当前解决CSA滥用的策略是什么？o如何实施，与谁一起实施？2. 是什么帮助阻止了幸存者所经历的虐待？我们还能做些什么来阻止这种虐待？3. CSA幸存者对CSA预防方法有何看法？这些预防方法的优缺点是什么？4. 如何开发以幸存者为主导的CSA预防方法？幸存者的倡导工作能否帮助制定更有效的方法？参与者将主要通过研究人员所知道的联系人来选择。我们已经联系了一些倡导者，他们的经验决定了这项研究的方向。已经确定了一群愿意参与面试的合适的潜在参与者。其他参与者将通过儿童福利和保护慈善机构选出，其中许多是由联合国儿童基金会资助的

This comparison on child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors' views of CSA prevention methods investigates young CSA survivors' experiences and views on CSA prevention methods. The research also examines how they can be developed to make them more effective, if the CSA survivors deem them ineffective. Survivors' voices steer this research throughout, articulating their experiences through interviews and contributing to the analysis and recommendations for improved prevention methods. CSA is defined by the NSPCC (2019) as when a child is 'forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. The traumatising effects of experiencing sexual abuse in childhood can have a detrimental and life-changing impact, ranging from increased rates of mental health problems, including suicidal thoughts and self-harm to sometimes becoming abusers themselves (Ryan and Lane 1997). CSA prevention methods with the intention of preventing and stopping abuse include educational books, in-school programmes and social work professionals identifying and working with at risk children. These teach children to recognise sexual abuse and give advice on protecting themselves and disclosing uncomfortable experiences to a trusted adult. For MA dissertation, which received a distinction, I conducted an in-depth analysis of 44 educational books. I am also preparing a paper based on this dissertation for submission to the British Journal of Social Work. Studies often explore how effective CSA prevention methods are, demonstrating that some methods are more effective for some children than others due to age, risk severity and additional factors (Davis and Gidycz, 2000). This demonstrates the need for multiple prevention methods to be implemented to ensure every child is protected. These studies compare rates of abuse cases in schools which use the prevention methods. Young survivor's voices are rarely used in this research, however, with substantially more research exploring the voices of children who have not been abused, parents, abusers or older survivors. This research aims to give survivors of CSA a voice and is vital to access the substantial wealth of knowledge survivors have. The survivors involved in the research will also be advocates of CSA survivors, which will help to provide additional information through their advocacy work with survivors. This research is ground-breaking in heeding the voices of young survivors themselves and garnering their opinions on how current CSA prevention methods may be improved and whether a new survivor-led initiative is required for effective CSA prevention. The researcher's personal experience of being a CSA advocate and working with young CSA survivors provides a grounded context of genuine empathy, necessary knowledge, rapport and reflexivity. The Aim The aim of the research is to develop greater knowledge of CSA prevention methods, to ascertain what survivors believe currently works, for whom and in which circumstances and to elaborate more effective survivor-led prevention methods. Research Questions 1. What are the current strategies to address CSA abuse? o How are they implemented and with whom? 2. What helped stop the abuse survivors experienced? o What else could have been done to stop the abuse? 3. What are CSA survivors' views of CSA prevention methods? o What are the strengths and weaknesses of these prevention methods? 4. How can survivor-led CSA prevention methods be developed? o Can the advocacy work the survivors help develop more effective methods? Sampling Participants will primarily be selected through contacts known to the researcher. Some advocates have already been contacted, with their experiences shaping the direction of this research. There is a willing participatory pool of suitable prospective participants already identified for the interviews. Additional participants will be selected through child welfare and protection charities, with many of which the re