TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOBACCO USE RESEARCH CENTER

跨学科烟草使用研究中心

• 批准号: 6522542
• 负责人: Carl Anderson Johnson
• 金额: $ 246.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-30 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6522542
• 关键词: tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) Four research projects are proposed, each to span the initial five years of center funding: The Preventing Tobacco Use Across Cultures, Project 1, will assess culturally-tuned approaches to tobacco smoking and ETS exposure prevention among the youth of different cultures in both pluralistic and monolithic cultural settings. The first trial, carried out in California and Hawaiian middle and high schools compares a social influences approach to prevention modified for five specific API and HL cultures (Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Mexican, and Central American). The second tests the effectiveness of a modified Western prevention model for prevention of smoking and ETS exposure in a mono-cultural Chinese setting, that of Wuhan, China. Two large trials are made feasible by substantial cost- sharing from other sources. The transdisciplinary team consists of psychologists, an anthropologist, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, an educator, a demographer, a geographer, environmental and respiratory scientists, and public health researchers who collaborate in identifying populations, designing measures and intervention programs, and analyzing data. This project provides data for and interacts highly with Projects 2 and 3. Role of cultural values in adolescent smoking, Project 2, examines the role of culture, acculturation, and media in the six cultures studied in the TUPACT project. Building on the measures for the trials, Project 2 assesses specific features of culture and their variation both within and across cultures as they relate directly and interactively with smoking and ETS exposure. The transdisciplinary team consists of psychologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, and a geographer. Smoking progression among culturally diverse youth, Project 3, uses data from the longitudinal trials in Project 1 to assess features of pluralistic and monolithic cultures that influence progression to regular and addictive levels of smoking. Like Projects 1 and 2, the aims of this project require the collaboration of social scientists from several disciplines, environmental scientists, and geneticists. Projects 1, 2, and 3 are highly interactive in developing conceptual models for development and designing measures to test those models. And Project 1 and Project 2 inform later stages of interventions in Project 1. Countering Tobacco Advertising in Diverse Populations, Project 4, examines the separate and interactive effects of exposure to media advertising and counter-advertising on smoking and ETS exposure. This study uses our sequential statewide surveys of youth and adults to assess outcomes related to exposure to state and local tobacco control programs funded under California legislation, as well as exposure to tobacco marketing. Results from these surveys are used to develop interventions for specific ethnic groups, then test them in a longitudinal study. Gene environment interaction and childhood respiratory health, a related project funded entirely by the Division of Intramural Research at NIEHS, will be a part of this center as allowed in the program announcement. This project interacts with Project 1 in the collection of buccal cell samples for genetic determinations and air exposures for Wuhan youth, and provides measures for respiratory and other health outcomes for Project 1. In the future this project will interact with Project 3, Pilot Project 2, and the gene-environment team to assess relationships among genetic, personality, and tobacco use variables in the Wuhan cohort. Two pilot studies are proposed. One explores the availability and use of social resources (social networks, social support systems, etc.) by Hispanic/Latino youth as they relate to tobacco use uptake and progression. The other hypothesizes that emotion and drive will affect smoking differently in very different cultures, that culture (Chinese and Persian) moderates the relationship between depression, anxiety and novelty seeking on the one hand and cigarette smoking on the other.

项目描述：（申请人描述）提出了四个研究项目，每个项目都跨越中心资助的最初五年：跨文化预防烟草使用，项目1，将评估在多元文化和单一文化背景下不同文化的年轻人中吸烟和ETS暴露预防的文化调整方法。第一项试验在加利福尼亚和夏威夷的初中和高中进行，比较了针对五种特定API和HL文化（中国、菲律宾、夏威夷、墨西哥和中美洲）修改的社会影响预防方法。第二项研究测试了一种改良的西方预防模式在中国单一文化背景下（即中国武汉）预防吸烟和ETS暴露的有效性。两项大型试验通过其他来源的大量费用分摊得以实现。这个跨学科团队由心理学家、人类学家、流行病学家、生物统计学家、教育家、人口学家、地理学家、环境和呼吸科学家以及公共卫生研究人员组成，他们在确定人群、设计措施和干预方案以及分析数据方面进行合作。该项目为项目2和项目3提供数据并与项目3高度交互。文化价值观在青少年吸烟中的作用，项目2，检查文化，文化适应和媒体在TUPACT项目中研究的六种文化中的作用。在试验措施的基础上，项目2评估了文化的具体特征及其在文化内部和跨文化之间的差异，因为它们与吸烟和ETS暴露直接相关并相互作用。这个跨学科团队由心理学家、人类学家、流行病学家、生物统计学家和地理学家组成。项目3使用项目1纵向试验的数据来评估多元文化和单一文化的特征，这些特征会影响吸烟向常规和成瘾水平的发展。像项目1和项目2一样，这个项目的目标需要来自多个学科的社会科学家、环境科学家和遗传学家的合作。项目1、2和3在开发用于开发的概念模型和设计测试这些模型的方法方面是高度交互的。项目1和项目2为项目1的后期干预提供信息。“在不同人群中打击烟草广告”项目4审查了接触媒体广告和反广告对吸烟和接触排放电子污染物的单独和相互影响。本研究使用我们在全州范围内对青少年和成年人进行的连续调查，以评估受加州立法资助的州和地方烟草控制项目以及烟草营销影响的相关结果。这些调查的结果用于制定针对特定种族群体的干预措施，然后在纵向研究中对其进行测试。基因环境相互作用和儿童呼吸健康是一个完全由NIEHS校内研究部资助的相关项目，根据项目公告，该项目将成为本中心的一部分。本项目与项目1相互作用，收集武汉青年口腔细胞样本进行基因测定和空气暴露，并为项目1提供呼吸和其他健康结果的措施。未来，该项目将与项目3、试点项目2以及基因-环境团队进行互动，以评估武汉队列中遗传、个性和烟草使用变量之间的关系。建议进行两项试点研究。一项研究探讨了西班牙裔/拉丁裔青年与烟草使用和发展有关的社会资源（社会网络、社会支持系统等）的可得性和使用情况。另一种假设是，在非常不同的文化中，情绪和驱动力对吸烟的影响是不同的，这种文化（中国和波斯）一方面缓和了抑郁、焦虑和寻求新奇事物之间的关系，另一方面缓和了吸烟之间的关系。