TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOBACCO USE RESEARCH CENTER

描述：(申请人描述)提出了四个研究项目，每个项目都跨越了中心资助的最初五年：防止跨文化使用烟草，项目1，将评估在多元和单一文化环境中不同文化背景的年轻人中针对烟草吸烟和ETS暴露预防的文化调整方法。第一项试验在加利福尼亚州和夏威夷的初中和高中进行，比较了针对五种特定的API和HL文化(中国人、菲律宾人、夏威夷人、墨西哥人和中美洲人)修改的社会影响预防方法。第二项研究测试了改进的西方预防模式在中国单一文化背景下预防吸烟和ETS暴露的有效性，武汉，中国。通过从其他来源分担大量费用，使两项大型试验成为可能。这个跨学科的团队由心理学家、人类学家、流行病学家、生物统计学家、教育家、人口学家、地理学家、环境和呼吸系统科学家以及公共卫生研究人员组成，他们在识别人口、设计措施和干预计划以及分析数据方面进行合作。本项目为项目2和项目3提供数据，并与项目3高度互动。文化价值观在青少年吸烟中的作用，项目2考察了文化、文化适应和媒体在TUPACT项目研究的六种文化中的作用。在试验措施的基础上，项目2评估了文化的具体特征及其在文化内部和文化之间的差异，因为它们与吸烟和ETS暴露直接和相互作用。这个跨学科团队由心理学家、人类学家、流行病学家、生物统计学家和一名地理学家组成。项目3利用项目1中纵向试验的数据来评估影响吸烟发展到正常和令人上瘾的水平的多元文化和单一文化的特征。像项目1和项目2一样，这个项目的目标需要几个学科的社会科学家、环境科学家和遗传学家的合作。项目1、2和3在开发概念模型和设计测试这些模型的方法方面具有很强的互动性。项目1和项目2为项目1的后期干预措施提供了信息。项目4研究了媒体广告和反广告对吸烟和ETS暴露的单独和交互影响。这项研究使用我们对年轻人和成年人的连续全州调查来评估与加州立法资助的州和地方烟草控制计划以及烟草营销接触有关的结果。这些调查的结果被用来为特定的种族群体制定干预措施，然后在纵向研究中进行测试。基因环境相互作用和儿童呼吸健康，一个完全由NIEHS内科研究部资助的相关项目，将在计划公告中被允许作为该中心的一部分。该项目与项目1在收集口腔细胞样本方面进行互动，用于武汉青年的基因测定和空气暴露，并为项目1提供呼吸和其他健康结果的测量。未来，该项目将与项目3、试点项目2和基因-环境团队互动，以评估武汉队列中遗传、个性和烟草使用变量之间的关系。提出了两项试点研究。一种是探讨社交资源(社交网络、社会支持系统等)的可用性和使用情况。由西班牙裔/拉美裔青年提供，因为他们与烟草使用的吸收和进展有关。另一种假设是，在截然不同的文化中，情绪和驱动力对吸烟的影响是不同的，文化(中国人和波斯人)一方面会缓和抑郁、焦虑和寻求新奇的情绪，另一方面会调节吸烟之间的关系。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) Four research projects are proposed, each to span the initial five years of center funding: The Preventing Tobacco Use Across Cultures, Project 1, will assess culturally-tuned approaches to tobacco smoking and ETS exposure prevention among the youth of different cultures in both pluralistic and monolithic cultural settings. The first trial, carried out in California and Hawaiian middle and high schools compares a social influences approach to prevention modified for five specific API and HL cultures (Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Mexican, and Central American). The second tests the effectiveness of a modified Western prevention model for prevention of smoking and ETS exposure in a mono-cultural Chinese setting, that of Wuhan, China. Two large trials are made feasible by substantial cost- sharing from other sources. The transdisciplinary team consists of psychologists, an anthropologist, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, an educator, a demographer, a geographer, environmental and respiratory scientists, and public health researchers who collaborate in identifying populations, designing measures and intervention programs, and analyzing data. This project provides data for and interacts highly with Projects 2 and 3. Role of cultural values in adolescent smoking, Project 2, examines the role of culture, acculturation, and media in the six cultures studied in the TUPACT project. Building on the measures for the trials, Project 2 assesses specific features of culture and their variation both within and across cultures as they relate directly and interactively with smoking and ETS exposure. The transdisciplinary team consists of psychologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, and a geographer. Smoking progression among culturally diverse youth, Project 3, uses data from the longitudinal trials in Project 1 to assess features of pluralistic and monolithic cultures that influence progression to regular and addictive levels of smoking. Like Projects 1 and 2, the aims of this project require the collaboration of social scientists from several disciplines, environmental scientists, and geneticists. Projects 1, 2, and 3 are highly interactive in developing conceptual models for development and designing measures to test those models. And Project 1 and Project 2 inform later stages of interventions in Project 1. Countering Tobacco Advertising in Diverse Populations, Project 4, examines the separate and interactive effects of exposure to media advertising and counter-advertising on smoking and ETS exposure. This study uses our sequential statewide surveys of youth and adults to assess outcomes related to exposure to state and local tobacco control programs funded under California legislation, as well as exposure to tobacco marketing. Results from these surveys are used to develop interventions for specific ethnic groups, then test them in a longitudinal study. Gene environment interaction and childhood respiratory health, a related project funded entirely by the Division of Intramural Research at NIEHS, will be a part of this center as allowed in the program announcement. This project interacts with Project 1 in the collection of buccal cell samples for genetic determinations and air exposures for Wuhan youth, and provides measures for respiratory and other health outcomes for Project 1. In the future this project will interact with Project 3, Pilot Project 2, and the gene-environment team to assess relationships among genetic, personality, and tobacco use variables in the Wuhan cohort. Two pilot studies are proposed. One explores the availability and use of social resources (social networks, social support systems, etc.) by Hispanic/Latino youth as they relate to tobacco use uptake and progression. The other hypothesizes that emotion and drive will affect smoking differently in very different cultures, that culture (Chinese and Persian) moderates the relationship between depression, anxiety and novelty seeking on the one hand and cigarette smoking on the other.