GENES, ENVIRONMENT & TOBACCO USE ACROSS CULTURES

南加州大学环太平洋跨学科烟草使用研究中心（USC-PR TTURC）将调查烟草和酒精使用预防计划的有效性(1)跨文化，(2)在特定的文化背景下，(3)依赖于个人水平的性格属性差异。南加州大学以前的TTURC项目侧重于通过调查美国和中国的多民族和多文化人群来描述文化在烟草使用行为和预防中的作用。研究表明，文化背景和个人性格对预防准备具有潜在的重要调节作用。拟议中的USC-PR TTURC将以三个项目和四个核心扩展该研究计划。项目1，物质使用的遗传和社会环境风险，将连接心理学、社会学和行为遗传学的学科，以检查南加州和中国青岛青少年双胞胎中青少年吸烟和饮酒的遗传和社会环境风险和保护因素。项目2，预防项目中的效果调节和调解，将调查美国和中国青少年接触循证预防项目后与物质使用结果相关的特定社会、行为和项目特征。这项调查不仅将确定每个领域中变量的主要影响的存在，而且重要的是，在预测预防结果时，儿童的个人和社会特征与项目特征之间存在互动影响。项目3，遗传变异与中国青少年烟草使用，将调查负责性格属性的遗传因素，如敌意和抑郁，可能会实质性地影响个人的烟草使用进展，并调节烟草控制干预和预防试验的有效性。测量核心将通过研究、制定和验证评估烟草使用及其社会心理相关因素的措施，协助TTURC项目。统计中心将为技联的项目提供数据管理和统计支持。职业发展核心将提供各种培训机会，以支持下一代跨学科科学家的发展，以提高我们对烟草使用和酒精共病的复杂社会、文化、生物和环境决定因素的认识。

The University of Southern California _ Pacific Rim Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center (USC-PR TTURC) will investigate the efficacy of tobacco and alcohol use prevention programs (1) across cultures, (2) within specific cultural contexts, and (3) dependent on individual-level variations for dispositional attributes. The previous USC TTURC projects focused on characterizing the role of culture in tobacco use behavior and prevention by investigating multiethnic and multicultural populations within the US and in China. The research indicated that cultural context and individual disposition have potentially important moderator effects on prevention prepares. The proposed USC-PR TTURC will extend this program of research with three projects and four cores. Project 1, Heritable and social-environment risks for substance use, will bridge the disciplines of psychology, sociology, and behavioral genetics to examine the genetic and social-environmental risk and protective factors for adolescent tobacco and alcohol use among adolescent twins in Southern California and Qingdao, China. Project 2, Effect moderation and mediation in prevention programs, will investigate specific social, behavioral, and programmatic characteristics that are associated with substance use outcomes following exposure to evidence-based prevention programs in the U.S. and Chinese youth. This investigation will determine not only the presence of main effects for variables in each domain but, significantly, the presence of interactive effects between children's personal and social characteristics and program characteristics in the prediction of prevention outcomes. Project 3, Genetic Variants and Tobacco Use in Chinese Adolescents, will investigate the hypothesis that genetic factors responsible for dispositional attributes, such as hostility and depression, may substantially influence both an individual's tobacco use progression and moderate the effectiveness of tobacco control intervention and prevention trials. The Measurement Core will assist TTURC projects by researching, developing, and validating measures to assess tobacco use and its psychosocial correlates. The Statistics Core will provide data management and statistical support for TTURC projects. The Career Development Core will provide a variety of training opportunities to support the development of the next generation of transdisciplinary scientists to advance our knowledge of the complex social, cultural, biological, and environmental determinants of tobacco use and alcohol comorbidity. The Administrative _ Scientific Liaison Core will provide the scientific and administrative leadership key to the efficient and productive operation of the Center. This transdisciplinary collab! oration will lead to a more complete understanding of the etiology of adolescent substance use across cultural contexts and across individuals, leading to the development of more effective prevention programs.