TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOBACCO USE RESEARCH CENTER

跨学科烟草使用研究中心

• 批准号: 6798103
• 负责人: Carl Anderson Johnson
• 金额: $ 3.91万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-30 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6798103
• 关键词: clinical research

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) Four research projects are proposed, each to span the initial five years of center funding: The Preventing Tobacco Use Across Cultures, Project 1, will assess culturally-tuned approaches to tobacco smoking and ETS exposure prevention among the youth of different cultures in both pluralistic and monolithic cultural settings. The first trial, carried out in California and Hawaiian middle and high schools compares a social influences approach to prevention modified for five specific API and HL cultures (Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Mexican, and Central American). The second tests the effectiveness of a modified Western prevention model for prevention of smoking and ETS exposure in a mono-cultural Chinese setting, that of Wuhan, China. Two large trials are made feasible by substantial cost- sharing from other sources. The transdisciplinary team consists of psychologists, an anthropologist, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, an educator, a demographer, a geographer, environmental and respiratory scientists, and public health researchers who collaborate in identifying populations, designing measures and intervention programs, and analyzing data. This project provides data for and interacts highly with Projects 2 and 3. Role of cultural values in adolescent smoking, Project 2, examines the role of culture, acculturation, and media in the six cultures studied in the TUPACT project. Building on the measures for the trials, Project 2 assesses specific features of culture and their variation both within and across cultures as they relate directly and interactively with smoking and ETS exposure. The transdisciplinary team consists of psychologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, and a geographer. Smoking progression among culturally diverse youth, Project 3, uses data from the longitudinal trials in Project 1 to assess features of pluralistic and monolithic cultures that influence progression to regular and addictive levels of smoking. Like Projects 1 and 2, the aims of this project require the collaboration of social scientists from several disciplines, environmental scientists, and geneticists. Projects 1, 2, and 3 are highly interactive in developing conceptual models for development and designing measures to test those models. And Project 1 and Project 2 inform later stages of interventions in Project 1. Countering Tobacco Advertising in Diverse Populations, Project 4, examines the separate and interactive effects of exposure to media advertising and counter-advertising on smoking and ETS exposure. This study uses our sequential statewide surveys of youth and adults to assess outcomes related to exposure to state and local tobacco control programs funded under California legislation, as well as exposure to tobacco marketing. Results from these surveys are used to develop interventions for specific ethnic groups, then test them in a longitudinal study. Gene environment interaction and childhood respiratory health, a related project funded entirely by the Division of Intramural Research at NIEHS, will be a part of this center as allowed in the program announcement. This project interacts with Project 1 in the collection of buccal cell samples for genetic determinations and air exposures for Wuhan youth, and provides measures for respiratory and other health outcomes for Project 1. In the future this project will interact with Project 3, Pilot Project 2, and the gene-environment team to assess relationships among genetic, personality, and tobacco use variables in the Wuhan cohort. Two pilot studies are proposed. One explores the availability and use of social resources (social networks, social support systems, etc.) by Hispanic/Latino youth as they relate to tobacco use uptake and progression. The other hypothesizes that emotion and drive will affect smoking differently in very different cultures, that culture (Chinese and Persian) moderates the relationship between depression, anxiety and novelty seeking on the one hand and cigarette smoking on the other.

描述：（申请人的描述）提出了四个研究项目，每个项目都跨越中心资助的最初五年：“跨文化预防烟草使用”项目 1，将评估在多元和单一文化环境中不同文化的年轻人中针对吸烟和 ETS 暴露预防的文化调整方法。第一项试验在加利福尼亚州和夏威夷的初中和高中进行，比较了针对五种特定 API 和 HL 文化（中国、菲律宾、夏威夷、墨西哥和中美洲）修改的社会影响预防方法。第二个项目测试了改进的西方预防模型在中国单一文化环境（中国武汉）中预防吸烟和 ETS 暴露的有效性。通过其他来源的大量费用分摊，两项大型试验变得可行。该跨学科团队由心理学家、人类学家、流行病学家、生物统计学家、教育家、人口学家、地理学家、环境和呼吸科学家以及公共卫生研究人员组成，他们合作识别人群、设计措施和干预计划以及分析数据。该项目为项目 2 和 3 提供数据并与之高度互动。项目 2 文化价值观在青少年吸烟中的作用研究了文化、文化适应和媒体在 TUPACT 项目研究的六种文化中的作用。在试验措施的基础上，项目 2 评估了文化的具体特征及其在文化内部和文化间的差异，因为它们与吸烟和 ETS 暴露直接和交互相关。跨学科团队由心理学家、人类学家、流行病学家、生物统计学家和地理学家组成。项目 3 中的“文化多元化青少年吸烟进展”利用项目 1 中纵向试验的数据来评估多元和单一文化的特征，这些特征会影响吸烟到常规吸烟和成瘾水平的进展。与项目 1 和 2 一样，该项目的目标需要来自多个学科的社会科学家、环境科学家和遗传学家的合作。项目 1、2 和 3 在开发概念模型和设计测试这些模型的措施方面具有高度互动性。项目 1 和项目 2 为项目 1 后期的干预措施提供信息。在不同人群中抵制烟草广告，项目 4 检验媒体广告和反广告对吸烟和 ETS 暴露的单独和交互影响。这项研究利用我们对青少年和成年人进行的全州范围连续调查来评估与接受加州立法资助的州和地方烟草控制计划以及接触烟草营销相关的结果。这些调查的结果用于制定针对特定种族群体的干预措施，然后在纵向研究中对其进行测试。基因环境相互作用和儿童呼吸健康是一个完全由 NIEHS 校内研究部资助的相关项目，根据项目公告允许，该项目将成为该中心的一部分。该项目与项目 1 互动，收集口腔细胞样本，用于武汉青少年的基因测定和空气暴露，并为项目 1 提供呼吸和其他健康结果的测量。未来，该项目将与项目 3、试点项目 2 和基因环境团队互动，以评估武汉队列中遗传、性格和烟草使用变量之间的关系。提出了两项​​试点研究。其中一项探讨了西班牙裔/拉丁裔青年的社会资源（社交网络、社会支持系统等）的可用性和使用情况，因为这些资源与烟草使用的吸收和进展有关。另一种假设是，在不同的文化中，情绪和驱动力对吸烟的影响不同，文化（中国和波斯）一方面调节抑郁、焦虑和寻求新奇事物，另一方面调节吸烟之间的关系。