NTX XX 'Emerging Issues in Neurotoxicology

NTX XX“神经毒理学中的新问题

• 批准号: 6593652
• 负责人: Joan Marie Cranmer
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-12-24 至 2003-12-23
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6593652
• 关键词: environmental toxicology; gene environment interaction; meeting /conference /symposium; nervous system disorder; neurotoxicology; travel

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Session I. The 20th Anniversary Meeting of the Neurotoxicology Conference series will kick off with "Hall of Famers" presenting Perspectives on the Emerging Field of Neurotoxicology as It Moves into the 21st Century by addressing contributions from the different disciplines of molecular pharmacology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, pathology, behavior and risk assessment. Session II will feature experts in emerging technologies applied to hypothesis testing and mechanisms. As in the case of other areas of biology, the study of how chemicals affect the nervous system is being influenced by a number of emerging technologies. Session II will focus on four such areas. All of these emerging technologies exploit recent discoveries in molecular biology to study effects of chemicals at the genetic or molecular level and/or the use of computer technology to process patterns of biological changes to characterize pathways leading to neurotoxicological effects. Session III will focus on the variety of actions that environmental neurotoxicants have on synaptic function. Chemical synaptic transmission is the fundamental process by which information is transferred in the nervous system. This process is critical to learning and memory, as well as growth and differentiation in the nervous system. Synaptic transmission is very sensitive to the actions of a number of environmental chemicals that can affect the process on either the sending (presynaptic) or receiving (postsynaptic) ends of the process or at multiple sites. Session IV will highlight recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms that underlie the different axonopathies. Axons are the primary line of communication between nerve cells and their effector targets. The development of efficacious pharmacotherapeutic interventions and promotion of clinical recovery is critically dependent upon understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of axon injury. Session VI. Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing (DNT) guidelines were developed and promulgated in 1991 in response to the need for regulatory-based screening methods for developmental neurotoxicity. A recent data call-in issued by the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs for developmental neurotoxicity testing of a number of organophosphorous pesticides has refocused attention on the DNT guidelines, and highlights the need for a scientifically-based reevaluation of these guidelines. Speakers will review research and testing of environmentally relevant chemicals for effects on nervous system development in utero or in early childhood; and to survey the progress made to date in responding to those issues in terms of study design and results. Session VIII will focus on the health effects associated with human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In May 2001, representatives from over 100 countries convened in Stockholm to sign a treaty for the reduction of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These chemicals bioconcentrate and bioaccumulate up the food chain, and are persistent in the environment. Human studies will be presented.

描述（由申请人提供） 第一次会议神经毒理学会议系列的20周年纪念会议将以“名人堂”的观点开始，介绍神经毒理学的新兴领域，因为它进入了21世纪，通过解决来自分子药理学，神经生理学，神经化学，病理学，行为和风险评估等不同学科的贡献。 第二场会议将邀请应用于假设检验和机制的新兴技术方面的专家参加。 与生物学的其他领域一样，化学物质如何影响神经系统的研究正受到许多新兴技术的影响。 第二次会议将侧重于四个领域。 所有这些新兴技术都利用分子生物学的最新发现，在遗传或分子水平上研究化学品的影响，并/或利用计算机技术处理生物变化模式，以确定导致神经毒理学影响的途径。 第三部分将集中于环境神经毒物对突触功能的各种作用。 化学突触传递是神经系统中信息传递的基本过程。 这个过程对学习和记忆以及神经系统的生长和分化至关重要。突触传递对许多环境化学物质的作用非常敏感，这些化学物质可以影响过程的发送端（突触前）或接收端（突触后）或多个部位。 第四部分将重点介绍我们对不同轴突病的分子机制的理解的最新进展。 轴突是神经细胞与其效应靶之间的主要通信线路。 开发有效的药物干预措施和促进临床康复关键取决于对轴突损伤病理生理机制的理解。 第六次会议.发育神经毒性试验（DNT）指南于1991年制定并颁布，以满足对发育神经毒性基于法规的筛查方法的需求。 美国环保署农药项目办公室最近发布的一项关于一些有机磷农药发育神经毒性测试的数据电话会议重新将注意力集中在DNT指南上，并强调需要对这些指南进行基于科学的重新评估。 发言者将审查与环境有关的化学品对子宫内或幼儿期神经系统发育的影响的研究和测试;并调查迄今为止在研究设计和结果方面应对这些问题所取得的进展。 第八场会议将重点讨论与人类接触持久性有机污染物有关的健康影响。 2001年5月，来自100多个国家的代表聚集在斯德哥尔摩签署了一项减少持久性有机污染物的条约。 这些化学物质会在食物链中生物浓缩和生物积累，并在环境中持久存在。 将进行人类研究。