Environmentally Triggered Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Focus on Endocrine Disrup

描述(由申请人提供) 国际神经毒理学会议系列(NEUROTOX 27)的第27次会议将讨论“环境引发的神经发育障碍：关注自闭症、ADHD和精神分裂症的内分泌干扰和性别差异”的主题。NeUROTOX 27将于2011年10月30日至11月2日在北卡罗来纳州研究三角公园的喜来登帝国酒店和会议中心召开。该系列中的每一次会议都致力于一个及时的、前瞻性的主题，该主题对环境健康和神经疾病具有重大影响，并且有足够的证据表明，通过以这种既定的、多学科的、有重点的、计划的方法进行审查，关于该主题的科学将得到推进。为了站在科学的前沿，会议主席与国际公认的科学专家就重点主题合作，共同组织会议并确定会议主题、议题和发言者。今年的会议将高度关注两个终点：1)内分泌紊乱和2)性别差异，这三种复杂的神经发育障碍具有共同的因素：1)自闭症，2)ADHD和3)精神分裂症。全体会议的组织形式是介绍最新的临床和基础研究，这种形式将促进讨论，解决具体问题(发表在计划中)，并有助于在提出证据后的最后一天就共同因素进行交叉讨论。 意义：中枢神经系统的临床疾病是由多种危险因素之间复杂的相互作用引起的。基因突变、多态和拷贝数变异使人对环境应激源具有遗传易感性，这些环境应激源包括暴露于外来化学物质、营养状况的变化和医疗干预。自闭症的患病率急剧上升，有新的证据表明，ADHD和精神分裂症的诊断有所增加。虽然这些趋势中的一些可以通过提高认识、诊断漂移和诊断标准的变化来解释，但环境因素可能是促成因素。越来越多的持久性有机污染物(POPs)和金属被证明可以改变甲状腺、雌激素和雄激素介导的内分泌信号。其中许多化学物质在孕妇和妊娠组织、母乳和新生儿中被检测到，处于令人担忧的水平。神经发育关键时期内分泌紊乱的后果具有深远的影响。NeUROTOX 27将提出最新的证据和争议，将内分泌紊乱和神经发育障碍联系起来，重点关注自闭症、ADHD和精神分裂症。这三种疾病有几个共同的临床特征，包括强烈的性别偏见，免疫障碍，以及与癫痫障碍的关联。然而，这些疾病在临床症状的出现上有所不同，这些症状可能为特定内分泌干扰物及其潜在机制的易感性的关键窗口提供线索。这次会议旨在向与会者展示关于内分泌系统在环境引发的疾病中所起作用的最新科学状况，并鼓励来自不同背景的专家进行激烈讨论，以帮助推动与这一主题相关的科学。 公共卫生相关性：这项应用的公共卫生相关性是，这次会议的结果将帮助我们更好地理解环境、内分泌干扰以及性别差异在自闭症、ADHD和精神分裂症中的作用。神经毒理学27将召集国际公认的专家，提出将内分泌紊乱与环境引发的神经发育障碍联系起来的最新证据和争议，重点是自闭症、ADHD和精神分裂症。这些疾病对公共健康的影响是巨大的。如今，在美国出生的儿童中，每110名儿童中就有一名(每70名男孩中就有一名)被诊断出患有自闭症，而且这一数字还在以每年10%到17%的速度增长。自闭症有一系列特征表明有可能发生内分泌相关的改变，包括男性的患病率要高得多。其他临床线索要求对自闭症、ADHD和精神分裂症的潜在毒理学、免疫学和内分泌干扰性因素进行关键调查。来自神经毒理学27的同行评审论文将迅速发表，在国际上传播，并在网上提供，以便随时接触到目标受众。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) The 27th meeting in the International Neurotoxicology Conference Series (NEUROTOX 27) will address the theme of "Environmentally Triggered Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Focus on Endocrine Disruption and Sex Differences in Autism, ADHD, and Schizophrenia". NEUROTOX 27 will convene October 30 to November 2, 2011 at the Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Conference Center in Research Triangle Park, NC. Each conference in the series is devoted to a timely, forward-thinking theme that has significant impact on environmental health and neurological disorders, and there exists enough evidence that the science on the theme will be advanced by being scrutinized in this established, multidisciplinary, focused, program approach. To be at the forefront of science the conference chair partners with internationally-recognized scientific experts on the focused theme to co-organize the meeting and identify the session themes, topics and speakers. This year the meeting will be highly focused on two endpoints: 1) endocrine disruption and 2) sex differences, in three complex neurodevelopmental disorders which have factors in common: 1) autism, 2) ADHD and 3) schizophrenia. The plenary sessions have been structured to present the latest clinical and basic research in a format that will facilitate discussion, address specific questions (published in the Program) and be conducive to a cross-cutting discussion on common factors on the last day of the conference after evidence has been presented. Significance: Clinical disorders of the central nervous system arise from complex interactions among multiple risk factors. Genetic mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations confer heritable susceptibility to environmental stressors including exposures to xenobiotic chemicals, shifts in nutritional status, and medical interventions. The prevalence of autism has increased dramatically and there is emerging evidence that suggests increases in the diagnosis of ADHD and schizophrenia. Although some of these trends can be explained by increased awareness, diagnostic drift and changes in diagnostic criteria, environmental factors are likely contributors. An increasing number of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals have been shown to alter endocrine signaling mediated by thyroid, estrogen and androgen hormones. Many of these chemicals are detected in maternal and gestational tissues, breast milk, and neonates at levels of concern. The consequences of endocrine disruption during critical periods of neurodevelopment have far-reaching implications. NEUROTOX 27 will present the latest evidence and controversies linking endocrine disruption and neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia. These 3 disorders share several clinical features including strong gender bias, immune impairments, and an association with seizure disorders. Yet these disorders differ in onset of clinical symptoms that may provide clues to critical windows of susceptibility to specific endocrine disruptors and their underlying mechanisms. The conference is designed to present attendees with the latest state-of-the-science about the role of the endocrine system in environmentally triggered disorders and stimulate vigorous discussion among experts from different backgrounds to help advance the science related to the theme. Public Health Relevance: The public health relatedness of this application is that the results of this conference will help us better understand the role of the environment, endocrine disruption, and sex differences in autism, ADHD and schizophrenia. NEUROTOXICOLOGY 27 will convene internationally recognized experts to present the latest evidence and controversies linking endocrine disruption and environmentally triggered neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia. The public health impact of these disorders is enormous. Today, one in 110 children (and one in 70 boys) born in the U.S. is diagnosed with autism, and the numbers have been rising 10% to 17% a year. Autism has a range of features that suggest the possibility of endocrine-related alterations, including a much higher prevalence in males. Other clinical clues invite critical investigation of potential toxicological, immune and endocrine disruptive contributors to autism, ADHD and schizophrenia. Peer-reviewed papers from NEUROTOXICOLOGY 27 will be published rapidly, disseminated internationally, and made accessible online to readily reach target audiences.