Ochlerotatus japonicus: Ecology of an Invasive Mosquito

Ochlerotatus japonicus：入侵蚊子的生态学

• 批准号: 6812360
• 负责人: RICHARD C FALCO
• 金额: $ 8.31万
• 依托单位: FORDHAM UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-30 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6812360
• 关键词: Culex; West Nile virus; animal ecology; animal population study; arthropod borne communicable disease; disease vectors; natural selections; wild animals; zoonosis

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ochlerotatus japonicus (Theobald), a newly introduced mosquito species that occurs throughout Asia, has exhibited a remarkable range extension in just 5 years; from its introduction in the New York/New Jersey area in 1998, Oc. japonicus is now in 15 states and parts of Canada. Of special concern is the question of this species' vectorial capacity for local arboviruses; it is a competent vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in the lab and may serve as a bridge vector to humans in the northeastern US, where WNV is now endemic. However, factors affecting this species' ability to colonize new areas are poorly understood. Oc. japonicus uses a wide variety of breeding sites that encompass urban, suburban, and rural habitats, including those inhabited by Culex pipiens, the primary local vector of WNV (urban sites), and Oc. triseriatus, a native tree-hole breeder and potential vector of LaCrosse encephalitis (suburban & rural sites). This project will use traditional and novel entomological surveillance tools to quantify the effect that Oc. japonicus' introduction has on local mosquitoes' use of breeding sites and larval survival, factors that contribute significantly to a species' success in an area. Consequences of this competition will likely have broad impacts on the population dynamics of these mosquitoes as well as on the ecology of arboviruses they transmit. Our hypotheses are: 1) Oc. japonicus is a container-breeding mosquito common in wooded habitats, therefore tree holes are important breeding sites in suburban and rural areas, 2) As an opportunistic invader that has spread rapidly, Oc. japonicus will compete with native species in both adult (for breeding sites) and larval (for food) stages, and 3) Oc. japonicus is less abundant in urban areas despite numerous potential breeding sites, therefore Cx. pipiens has a competitive advantage over Oc. japonicus in urban areas. Specifically, we will: 1) Determine and compare oviposition and larval habitat preferences for Oc. japonicus and native species in urban, suburban, and rural landscapes in southern NY state, 2) Compare egg abundance and larval population densities of Oc. japonicus, Cx. pipiens, and Oc. triseriatus to determine breeding success and larval survival in each habitat type, and 3) Conduct interspecific competition experiments among these species in the lab to measure effects of density and food resources on larval survival. By comparing per capita growth rate estimates for each species, which include measurements of larval survivorship, adult size, and time from female emergence to oviposition, we will be able to predict competition outcomes in a variety of habitats. This study will be the first to examine empirically important life history parameters of this newly introduced mosquito species with respect to potential competitors. Such information is critical to understanding how a new vector becomes established in a landscape where its exposure to other circulating pathogens may facilitate its transition to a primary zoonotie vector.

描述（由申请人提供）：亚洲新引进蚊种Ochlerotatus japonicus （Theobald）在短短5年时间内表现出显著的活动范围扩展；自1998年在纽约/新泽西地区推出以来，Oc。日本血吸虫现在分布在15个州和加拿大的部分地区。特别值得关注的是该物种传播当地虫媒病毒的能力问题；在实验室中，它是西尼罗河病毒（WNV）的有效媒介，并可能在西尼罗河病毒目前流行的美国东北部作为传播给人类的桥梁媒介。然而，影响该物种在新地区定居能力的因素尚不清楚。Oc。日本蜚蠊的孳生地广泛，包括城市、郊区和农村生境，包括西尼罗河病毒的主要本地媒介库蚊（城市场所）和蚊子。三角虫是一种本地树洞繁殖动物，也是长鼻脑炎的潜在传播媒介（城郊和农村）。该项目将使用传统的和新型的昆虫学监测工具来量化Oc的影响。日本蚊的引入影响了当地蚊子对繁殖地点的利用和幼虫的存活率，这些因素对一个地区的物种成功做出了重大贡献。这种竞争的结果可能会对这些蚊子的种群动态以及它们传播的虫媒病毒的生态产生广泛的影响。我们的假设是：1)c。日本蚊是一种常见于树木生境的容器孳生蚊子，因此树洞是郊区和农村地区重要的孳生场所。在成虫（争夺繁殖场所）和幼虫（争夺食物）阶段，日本刺参会与本地物种竞争。在城市地区，尽管有许多潜在的繁殖场所，但日本血吸虫的数量较少。与Oc相比，pipiens具有竞争优势。城市地区的日本蝇。具体而言，我们将：1)确定和比较Oc的产卵和幼虫栖息地偏好。2)比较纽约南部城市、郊区和乡村景观中日本蜚蠊的卵丰度和幼虫种群密度。多糖类化合物,残雪。和c。3)在实验室中进行种间竞争实验，考察密度和食物资源对幼虫存活率的影响。通过比较每个物种的人均生长率估计值，包括幼虫存活率、成虫大小和从雌性羽化到产卵的时间，我们将能够预测各种栖息地的竞争结果。这项研究将首次检验这种新引入的蚊子物种相对于潜在竞争对手的经验重要生活史参数。这些信息对于了解一种新的病媒如何在接触其他流行病原体可能促进其向主要人畜共患病媒过渡的环境中形成至关重要。