Emotion Regulation and Its Consequences

描述（由研究者提供）：本应用程序的总体目标是了解调节情绪的两种基本策略。认知重估包括改变一个人对引发情绪的情况的看法，以减少情绪。表达抑制包括改变一个人在引发情绪的情况下的行为，以减少情绪。我们的框架是一个情绪调节模型，根据在情绪生成过程中策略何时产生主要影响来区分调节策略。在这个模型中，在情绪反应倾向被完全激活之前，重新评估就会提早起作用，并有效地关闭整个情绪。压制的作用要晚一些，而且会无效地阻止正当的行为。该模型表明，重评价通常会比抑制产生更有利的情感和社会后果。我们建议使用两种互补的研究方法（实验的、相关的）和评估多个反应域（经验的、行为的、自主的、神经的）来测试这些预测。研究1探讨重评价和抑制如何改变情感反应幅度。研究2测试了关于情感反应一致性的预测，并检查了经验和行为之间的分离如何影响自主反应。为了为我们的模型提供聚合证据，研究3A和3B使用功能磁共振成像来检查研究1和2中测试的情感过程的神经基础。研究4探讨了重评价和抑制的短期社会后果，并测试了几种中介。研究5从更长远的角度出发，对经历两次重大生活转变的年轻人进行了为期5年的纵向研究，研究了重新评价和抑制的使用中个体差异的累积情感和社会后果。这些程序性和理论性的研究协调了实验和个体差异的方法来测试重评价和抑制在情感和社会功能中的作用，并阐明了这些影响的机制。本研究的长期目标是进一步加深我们对基本情绪和情绪调节过程的理解，为改善心理和身体健康的理论和临床干预奠定基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): The overall goal of this application is to understand two fundamental strategies for regulating emotion. Cognitive reappraisal involves changing how one thinks about an emotion-eliciting situation in order to decrease emotion. Expressive suppression involves changing how one behaves in an emotion-eliciting situation in order to decrease emotion. Our framework is a model of emotion regulation that distinguishes among regulation strategies based on when during the emotion-generative process the strategy has its primary impact. In this model, reappraisal acts early, and efficiently shuts down the entire emotion before emotion response tendencies have been fully activated. Suppression acts later on, and inefficiently shuts down just behavior. This model suggests that reappraisal should generally have more favorable affective and social consequences than suppression. We propose to test these predictions using two complementary research approaches (experimental, correlational) and assessing multiple response domains (experiential, behavioral, autonomic, neural). Study 1 addresses how reappraisal and suppression alter affective response magnitude. Study 2 tests predictions regarding affective response coherence, and examines how dissociations between experience and behavior influence autonomic responding. To provide converging evidence for our model, Studies 3A and 3B use fMRI to examine the neural bases of the affective processes tested in Studies 1 and 2. Study 4 addresses short term social consequences of reappraisal and suppression, and tests several mediators. Study 5 takes a longer-term perspective, and examines the cumulative affective and social consequences of individual differences in the use of reappraisal and suppression with a 5-year longitudinal study of young adults undergoing two major life transitions. These programmatic and theoretically motivated studies coordinate experimental and individual-difference approaches to test the role reappraisal and suppression play inaffective and social functioning, and to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie these effects. The broad, on regulation processes, laying the foundation for advances in theory long-term objective of this research is to further our understanding of basic emotion and emotion-regulation processes, laying the foundation for advances in theory and clinical interventions that will improve psychological and physical health.