Temporal Dynamics and Neural Bases of Emotion Regulation Under Emotional Load

情绪负荷下情绪调节的时间动力学和神经基础

• 批准号: 8463036
• 负责人: JAMES J GROSS
• 金额: $ 18.57万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8463036
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Affective; Amygdaloid structure; Arousal; Attention; Attenuated; Basic Science; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Brain region; Clinical; Cognitive; Development; Disease; Effectiveness; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Emotions; Event-Related Potentials; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Generations; Goals; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Lateral; Medial; Parietal; Patient Self-Report; Phase; Process; Psychopathology; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Research; Staging; Stimulus; System; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Translational Research; affective neuroscience; attenuation; base; cognitive control; emotion regulation; emotional stimulus; high risk; improved; indexing; neural patterning; novel; prevent; programs; relating to nervous system; response; stimulus processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to successfully regulate emotions is among the most critical of human capacities. Basic research in affective neuroscience has begun to elucidate the cognitive processes which support this vital ability, attesting in particula to the efficacy of two major forms of emotion regulation, attentional deployment (AD) and cognitive reappraisal (CR). AD and CR are thought to operate through distinct cognitive mechanisms, differing both in (1) when they impact the temporal trajectory of emotion generation, and (2) which neural systems they engage. Critically, recent behavioral research has shown that AD and CR are differentially affected by the intensity of the emotion to be regulated, with CR - but not AD - becoming less effective under high levels of emotional load. The mechanisms underlying this differential impact of emotional load on AD and CR remain unclear. The broad, long-term objective of this proposal is to use a neurobiologically informed framework to account for the differential effect of emotional load on AD and CR by elucidating key differences in their temporal dynamics and patterns of neural engagement. More specifically, we propose to use electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine AD and CR under differing levels of emotional load. We hypothesize that (1a) AD will attenuate an electrocortical index of emotional stimulus processing (the late positive potential; LPP) at an early phase, but that CR will do so at a later phase, and importantly, (1b) the early attenuation of the LPP by AD will remain consistent across varying levels of emotional load, but the late attenuation by CR will weaken under high levels of emotional load. Second, we hypothesize that (2a) AD will recruit prefrontal and parietal regions involved in attentional control, whereas CR will recruit lateral and medial prefrontal brain region which have been associated with cognitive control and with affective meaning processing, and crucially, (2b) the modulation of amygdala activity via attentional brain regions in AD will be consistent across varying levels of emotional load, but the modulation of amygdala activity via affective-meaning processing regions in CR will vary as a function of emotional load (with no modulation under high emotional load). Our proposed research will help us to understand why certain regulation strategies seem to break down and become ineffective under high levels of emotional load, and may suggest new interventions for high-risk individuals based on the notion that, in order to optimize their overall utility, regulation strategies may need to be flexibly deployed according to the unique emotional demands of the situation.

描述（由申请人提供）：成功调节情绪的能力是人类最重要的能力之一。情感神经科学的基础研究已经开始阐明支持这种重要能力的认知过程，特别是证明了两种主要形式的情绪调节，注意力部署（AD）和认知重新评价（CR）的功效。AD和CR被认为是通过不同的认知机制运作的，不同之处在于（1）它们何时影响情绪产生的时间轨迹，以及（2）它们参与的神经系统。最重要的是，最近的行为研究表明，AD和CR受到被调节的情绪强度的不同影响，CR-而不是AD-在高水平的情绪负荷下变得不那么有效。情绪负荷对AD和CR的不同影响的机制尚不清楚。这个建议的广泛的，长期的目标是使用神经生物学的框架来解释AD和CR的情绪负荷的差异效应，通过阐明其时间动态和神经参与模式的关键差异。更具体地说，我们建议使用脑电图（EEG）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）检查AD和CR在不同水平的情绪负荷。我们假设（1a）AD会在早期阶段减弱情绪刺激处理的皮层电指数（晚期正电位; LPP），但CR会在后期阶段这样做，重要的是，（1b）AD对LPP的早期衰减在不同水平的情绪负荷下保持一致，但CR的晚期衰减在高水平的情绪负荷下会减弱。其次，我们假设（2a）AD将招募参与注意力控制的前额叶和顶叶区域，而CR将招募与认知控制和情感意义加工相关的外侧和内侧前额叶脑区，并且至关重要的是，（2b）AD中通过注意力脑区对杏仁核活动的调节在不同水平的情绪负荷下是一致的，但通过CR中的情感意义处理区域对杏仁核活动的调节将随着情绪负荷的变化而变化（在高情绪负荷下没有调节）。我们提出的研究将帮助我们理解为什么某些调节策略在高水平的情绪负荷下似乎会崩溃并变得无效，并可能为高风险个体提出新的干预措施，基于这样的概念，为了优化其整体效用，调节策略可能需要根据情况的独特情绪需求灵活部署。