Syntheses of HIV Risk Reduction Research

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一项竞争性续期拨款申请，旨在综合和组织有关通过行为改变传播艾滋病毒的现有知识。这种综合将通过一系列连续的七个理论指导和方法上严格的元分析来实现。研究1将收集和综合评价发展中地区和国家艾滋病毒预防研究的研究。研究2将收集和综合评估在IDU和药物使用行为中预防HIV的研究。研究3将审查性别差异对加强减少艾滋病毒风险努力的反应。研究4将确定降低风险干预措施的内容与所获得的降低风险效果之间的关系。研究5将评价大众媒介预防艾滋病毒战略的成功。研究6将比较艾滋病毒预防效果与公共卫生变化文献中获得的效果。研究7将研究风险行为是如何由风险相关的态度和其他认知引起的。通过仔细总结这些重要且快速增长的文献的证据，这些荟萃分析将告知公共卫生官员、社区干预者和科学家哪些干预措施效果最好，哪些干预措施的组成部分影响最大，以及在哪些情况下降低艾滋病毒风险的干预措施最有可能成功。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application for a competing renewal grant proposes to synthesize and organize existing knowledge regarding HIV transmission through behavior change. This synthesis will be achieved through a continuing series of seven theoretically guided and methodologically rigorous meta-analyses. Study 1 will gather and synthesize studies evaluating HIV prevention studies in developing regions and countries. Study 2 will gather and synthesize studies evaluating prevention of HIV in IDU and drug-use behaviors. Study 3 will examine gender differences in response to intensive HIV risk-reduction efforts. Study 4 will determine how the content of risk-reduction interventions relates to the risk-reduction effects obtained. Study 5 will evaluate the success of mass-media strategies for HIV prevention. Study 6 will compare HIV prevention effects to those obtained across public-health change literatures. Study 7 will examine how risk behaviors are caused by or cause risk related attitudes and other cognitions. By carefully summing up the evidence to date on these important and quickly growing literatures, these meta-analyses will inform public health officials, community-based interventionists, and scientists about which interventions work best, which components of interventions have the largest impact, and the circumstances under which HIV risk-reduction interventions are most likely to be successful.