Geospatial factors in HIV prevention trial outcomes

HIV 预防试验结果中的地理空间因素

• 批准号: 8033599
• 负责人: BLAIR T JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 14.56万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-20 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8033599
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Area; Award; Behavioral; Biology; Connecticut; Country; Economics; Environment; Epidemic; Ethics; Funding; Goals; Growth; HIV; HIV prevention trial; Health; Incidence; Industry; Information Systems; Intervention; Investments; Learning; Locales; Maps; Marketing; Medical; Mentors; Meta-Analysis; Online Systems; Outcome; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Political Factor; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Sampling; Scholarship; Science; Social Functioning; Techniques; Technology; Training; Training Activity; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Ursidae Family; Vaccines; Variant; behavior change; behavioral/social science; data sharing; efficacy trial; improved; pandemic disease; prevent; programs; public health relevance; response; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This award funds an intensive period of mentored training in geospatial conceptualization and analysis with a focus on an application to HIV prevention trials; the mentor is Dr. Ellen K. Cromley, internationally known for her scholarship relating geospatial factors public health outcomes. Geographical information systems (GIS) have emerged as a powerful scientific tool that can be brought to bear on practically any branch of science. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by HIV, remains a very serious threat to world public health. With no vaccines or other medical cures available, behavior change to lower the risk of acquiring or spreading HIV remains the key to public health. In response, studies relevant to HIV risk-reduction burgeoned, with inconsistencies among study findings complicating easy interpretation. Meta-analyses of prevention trials have documented not only their typical efficacy but also certain factors that relate to their success, yet, to date such reviews have not utilized GIS-related information such as economic and political factors. HIV prevention trials have been conducted in extremely diverse locales across practically every country at all affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. On substantive goal of this project is to assemble a geospatial landscape of HIV prevention efficacy evidence, which will literally map when and where trials have been conducted and how well they have achieved prevention goals, examining as well specific facets of the trials and their samples. The landscape in turn will permit an examination of geospatial- temporal factors related to the locales in which the trials were conducted. Two other substantive goals are to pursue meta-analyses of trial efficacy within the United States and with Africa. The training activities will be undertaken while simultaneously assembling the landscape of HIV prevention and then relating geospatial-temporal information to trial efficacy. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Narrative This proposal has extremely high relevance to public health in that its studies review the evidence available regarding interventions to prevent the spread of HIV among the population. The project will yield valuable information about when and where trials have been conducted and with what consequences.

描述（由申请人提供）：该奖项资助地理空间概念化和分析方面的密集培训，重点是应用于艾滋病毒预防试验;导师是Ellen K博士。克罗姆利，国际知名的她的奖学金有关地理空间因素的公共卫生成果。地理信息系统（GIS）已成为一种强有力的科学工具，几乎可用于任何科学分支。由艾滋病毒引起的获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）仍然是对世界公共卫生的一个非常严重的威胁。由于没有疫苗或其他药物治疗，改变行为以降低感染或传播艾滋病毒的风险仍然是公共卫生的关键。作为回应，与减少艾滋病毒风险有关的研究蓬勃发展，研究结果之间的不一致使简单的解释变得复杂。对预防试验的荟萃分析不仅记录了其典型的疗效，而且还记录了与其成功相关的某些因素，然而，迄今为止，此类综述尚未利用GIS相关信息，如经济和政治因素。艾滋病毒预防试验在受艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病影响的几乎每一个国家的极为不同的地点进行。该项目的实质性目标是收集艾滋病毒预防效力证据的地理空间景观，这将从字面上绘制试验进行的时间和地点以及它们实现预防目标的程度，并检查试验及其样本的具体方面。景观反过来将允许检查与进行试验的地点有关的地理空间-时间因素。另外两个实质性目标是在美国和非洲进行试验有效性的荟萃分析。在开展培训活动的同时，将汇集艾滋病毒预防的总体情况，然后将地理时空信息与试验效力联系起来。 公共卫生关系：这项建议与公共卫生有着极高的相关性，因为它的研究审查了关于预防艾滋病毒在人口中传播的干预措施的现有证据。该项目将产生关于何时何地进行试验以及产生何种后果的宝贵信息。