Geospatial factors in HIV prevention trial outcomes

HIV 预防试验结果中的地理空间因素

• 批准号: 8033599
• 负责人: BLAIR T JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 14.56万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-20 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8033599
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Area; Award; Behavioral; Biology; Connecticut; Country; Economics; Environment; Epidemic; Ethics; Funding; Goals; Growth; HIV; HIV prevention trial; Health; Incidence; Industry; Information Systems; Intervention; Investments; Learning; Locales; Maps; Marketing; Medical; Mentors; Meta-Analysis; Online Systems; Outcome; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Political Factor; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Sampling; Scholarship; Science; Social Functioning; Techniques; Technology; Training; Training Activity; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Ursidae Family; Vaccines; Variant; behavior change; behavioral/social science; data sharing; efficacy trial; improved; pandemic disease; prevent; programs; public health relevance; response; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This award funds an intensive period of mentored training in geospatial conceptualization and analysis with a focus on an application to HIV prevention trials; the mentor is Dr. Ellen K. Cromley, internationally known for her scholarship relating geospatial factors public health outcomes. Geographical information systems (GIS) have emerged as a powerful scientific tool that can be brought to bear on practically any branch of science. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by HIV, remains a very serious threat to world public health. With no vaccines or other medical cures available, behavior change to lower the risk of acquiring or spreading HIV remains the key to public health. In response, studies relevant to HIV risk-reduction burgeoned, with inconsistencies among study findings complicating easy interpretation. Meta-analyses of prevention trials have documented not only their typical efficacy but also certain factors that relate to their success, yet, to date such reviews have not utilized GIS-related information such as economic and political factors. HIV prevention trials have been conducted in extremely diverse locales across practically every country at all affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. On substantive goal of this project is to assemble a geospatial landscape of HIV prevention efficacy evidence, which will literally map when and where trials have been conducted and how well they have achieved prevention goals, examining as well specific facets of the trials and their samples. The landscape in turn will permit an examination of geospatial- temporal factors related to the locales in which the trials were conducted. Two other substantive goals are to pursue meta-analyses of trial efficacy within the United States and with Africa. The training activities will be undertaken while simultaneously assembling the landscape of HIV prevention and then relating geospatial-temporal information to trial efficacy. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Narrative This proposal has extremely high relevance to public health in that its studies review the evidence available regarding interventions to prevent the spread of HIV among the population. The project will yield valuable information about when and where trials have been conducted and with what consequences.

描述（由申请人提供）：该奖项为地理空间概念化和分析的密集指导培训提供了资金，重点是针对艾滋病毒预防试验的申请；导师是艾伦·克罗姆利（Ellen K. Cromley）博士，他以与地理空间因素公共卫生成果有关的奖学金而闻名。地理信息系统（GIS）已成为一种强大的科学工具，可以依靠科学的任何分支。由HIV引起的获得的免疫缺陷综合症（AIDS）仍然对世界公共卫生构成非常严重的威胁。由于没有疫苗或其他医疗疗法，行为改变以降低获取或传播艾滋病毒的风险仍然是公共卫生的关键。作为回应，与艾滋病毒风险降低有关的研究迅速发展，研究结果之间的不一致使人容易解释。预防试验的荟萃分析不仅记录了它们的典型功效，而且还记录了与其成功有关的某些因素，但迄今为止，此类审查尚未利用与GIS相关的信息，例如经济和政治因素。实际上，几乎每个国家都受到艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行影响的各个国家，已经在多种多样的地区进行了艾滋病毒预防试验。该项目的实质性目标是组装艾滋病毒预防效力证据的地理空间景观，该景观实际上将映射何时何地进行试验，以及他们实现了预防目标，研究了试验及其样本的特定方面。反过来，景观将允许检查与进行试验的地区有关的地理空间时间因素。另外两个实质性目标是在美国和非洲进行试验的荟萃分析。培训活动将同时组装预防艾滋病毒的景观，然后将地理空间信息与试验疗效联系起来。 公共卫生相关性：叙事该提案与公共卫生的相关性极高，因为其研究审查了有关防止艾滋病毒在人群中传播的可用证据。该项目将产生有关何时何地进行试验以及后果的宝贵信息。